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Nature’s rhythms: Using Nature’s Notebook to track seasonal & long term environmental change September 25, 2015 LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator Opening Activity LIFE CYCLE BINGO! Objectives of today’s workshop: Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world Understand the importance of recordkeeping. Understand long-term phenology monitoring. Apply phenology! Learn where to find resources to get started. Objectives for the follow-up workshop on October 24 @9:00 am: Demonstrate how to select a physical site for monitoring phenology Demonstrate how to select plants and animals for monitoring. Demonstrate how to make high-quality observations on phenophases based on USA-NPN protocols. Apply phenology! phRenology – a phOnology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain branch of linguistics concerned with the organization of sounds in language Just to be clear… Activity 2 What do I KNOW about PHENOLOGY?! What do I WANT TO KNOW? THINK, PAIR, SHARE 5 minutes PHENOLOGY What is phenology? The science of the seasons • Blooms and buds • Hibernation, migration, emergence • Easy to observe Photo credit: P. Warren …it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal lifecycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions. Photo credit: L. Barnett Who observes phenology? Photo credit: P. Warren • Scientists • Gardeners/Agriculturists • Land managers • Educators • Youth Photo credit: S. Schaffer Photo credit: C. Enquist Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons PLANT Leaves Flowers Fruits Observable life cycle events or PHENOPHASES ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Activity Reproduction Development Method PLANT LIFE CYCLE SET SEED Requires Optimum Conditions FLOWER GREEN GROWTH American kestrel Active Falco sparverius R e p r o d u c R e p r o d u c t i o n ©Wikimedia Commons ©Wikimedia Commons Photo credit: L. Barnett Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region, via Wikimedia Commons Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons Why are the timing of life-cycle events important? • SEASONAL CHANGE • Species interrelations Shifting weather and climate affect all of these "Bagatelle potager02" by Spedona (Spedona) - Cliché personnel - own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons Vegetable Gardening Understanding outdoor recreation schedules • Feeding times • Following brackish waters • Water temperature • Spawning times related to temp 55° - 68° F in Chesapeake Bay. April peak? Chesapeake Bay Spring Season for Striped Bass = May 16 – June 16 Photo credit: E. Stemmy Image credit: John McColgan –U.S. Department of Agriculture. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Land management decisions Primary goal • Create a standardized, long-term dataset for use in multiple types of research. UNDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Mission • Make phenology data, models and related information available. • Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. Photo credit: C. Enquist Photo credit: L. Romano OBSERVATIONS Record keeping Using nature as a guide Tradition and Lore November -Beaver Moon September – Harvest Moon Photo credit: B. Powell February – Full Worm Moon May – Full Flower Moon “Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each recurring full moon.” http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/ Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise noted Photo credit: L. Barnett Jefferson Thoreau Powell Photo credit: Monticello Garden re-created Cloned lilac program Photo credit: L. Barnett HISTORIC LILAC NETWORK ESTABLISHED IN THE 1950S Photo credit: L. Barnett https://www.usanpn.org/nn/cloned-lilacs SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE, GREEN VALLEY, AZ INSERT LOCAL PHENOLOGY STORY, SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SEASONAL EVENTS HERE. Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons Activity 3 INTRODUCTION TO OBSERVATION 45 minutes ECOLOGY Phenology -Mark Twain Climate Long-term average of daily weather in a given area. It is about… …time Weather Day-to-day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/ www.sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/ Climate Zones for the West Also account for: • Latitude • Hills and Valleys • Elevation • Ocean influence (humidity) • Continental air • Precipitation • Microclimates Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient 800 mm Mile 4 Mile 3 Mile 2 Oak-pine woodland Oak woodland Scrub grassland Mile 1 Annual Average Temperature Pine forest Annual Average Precipitation Mile 5 10 ºC Desert scrub 300 mm 20 ºC Slide courtesy of T. M. Crimmins BIOMES –World’s Major Communities Classified by major vegetation, adaptations to environment Optimum conditions= NICHE Desert Aquatic Forest Grassland Tundra Life Zones http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf Why is climate important to ecology and phenology?? Climate drives what occurs where, what lives where, and how those species respond to their environment. PHENOLOGY Climate change Bowers, J. E., Southwestern Naturalist. 2007. http://www.southwestclimatechange.org/impacts/land/phenology Shrubs in the Sonoran Desert Bloomed 10-41 days earlier between 1841 and 2004 Earlier Bloom Times Phenology and Climate Change Research, spring timing and range A three-way mismatch EARLIER English Oak Winter Moth SAME TIME EACH YEAR Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature EARLIER www.globalchange.gov Drought Increased heat Decreased water flow Rising sea levels Extreme Events Understand Species Response Mitigation Adaptation http://nca2014.globalchange.gov Decreased stream flow Change in species Increased nutrient load Monitor health of watershed Mitigation to limit impacts of pollutants Alternative water supply http://www.epa.gov/sciencematters/climatechange/ccwatershed.htm CHANGES in: • Arrival, birth, feeding • Shifting range boundaries Changing morphology • Extirpation or Extinction • Economic impacts http://www.ipcc.ch/ OBSERVATIONS Shared for science Citizen science … scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateurs or nonprofessionals public participation in scientific research (also known as) crowd science, crowd-sourced science, or networked science Quercus alba, Q. falcata, D. Hartel Photo credit: L. Romano • • • • • ~5,700 active observers ~7,500 active sites 5.9M+ records Lilac data from 1956 1016 taxa from 2009 PLANT Flowers Leaves Young leaves Leaves Colored leaves ANIMAL Activity Active individuals Feeding Fruits Flowers or flower buds Open flowers Ripe fruits Recent seed or fruit drop PHENOPHASES Reproduction Male combat Mating Development Young individuals Dead individuals Method Individuals at a feeding station …How Many? Flowers Fruits Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Image credit: Patty Guertin Leaves One or more open, fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between or within unfolded or open flower parts (petals, floral tubes or sepals). Do not include wilted or dried flowers. Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Image credit: Patty Guertin Do you see…open flowers? What percentage of all fresh flowers are open? Less than 5% 5% - 24% 25% - 49% 50% - 74% Select the most appropriate bin Write the bin number on the line 75% - 94% Image credit: Patty Guertin 95% or more Photo from All About Birds Acorn Woodpecker Breaking leaf buds Leaves Colored leaves Increasing leaf size Flowers or Flower Buds Open Flowers Fruits Ripe Fruits Recent fruit or seed drop DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES Enter Observations Online Photo credit: S. Schaffer You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps! http://www.usanpn.org/data/visualizations DATA DOWNLOAD https://www.usanpn.org/results/data "Snowman on frozen lake" by Petritap - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons. "Spring in Somerville, NJ - 2012 File 3" by Siddharth Mallya - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons "Owoce wisni" by Nova - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons @ Wikimedia Commons By Hans [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons 2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J Sandhill crane and geese 61 years 1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W. NEXT STEPS Resources and upcoming events www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines Resources and upcoming events https://www.usanpn.org/nn/connect/project Resources and upcoming events October 24 from 9:00 am until noon Objectives for the follow-up workshop on October 24 @9:00 am: Demonstrate how to select a physical site for monitoring phenology Demonstrate how to select plants and animals for monitoring. Demonstrate how to make observations on phenophases based on USA-NPN protocols. Apply phenology! Closing Activity What did I LEARN about PHENOLOGY? EVALUATION And feedback Objectives of today’s workshop: Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world Understand the importance of recordkeeping. Understand long-term phenology monitoring. Apply phenology! Learn where to find resources to get started. Activity 5 – Time Permitting Explore tagged plants and make observations outside 10 minutes Connect with USA-NPN… • Become an observer • Discover new tools and resources • Visit a local phenology trail www.facebook.com/USANPN www.pinterest.com/USANPN www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett www.instagram/tucson_phenology_trail LoriAnne Barnett [email protected]
