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Testosterone Do you have low testosterone? Why does it matter? Testosterone is a hormone that plays an important role in both men and women. Testosterone is a steroid hormone, or androgen, that is produced mainly in the testicles of men and a small amount in the adrenal glands. In females, testosterone is produced in the ovaries with a small amount coming from the adrenal glands. Testosterone is the principal male sex hormone. In males, testosterone is the main hormone in the development of male reproductive tissues as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as muscle mass, bone density and body hair. In addition, testosterone is important for overall health, well being and the prevention of osteoporosis. Testosterone has many health effects including: Sexual arousal, performance and sperm development. Regulation of cognitive and physical energy Maintenance of muscle mass Testosterone regulates platelet aggregation in humans. Recent studies have shown conflicting results concerning the importance of testosterone in maintaining cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, maintaining normal testosterone levels in elderly men has been shown to improve many parameters that are thought to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, such as increased lean body mass, decreased visceral fat mass, decreased total cholesterol, and blood sugar control. Men whose testosterone levels are slightly above average are less likely to have high blood pressure, less likely to experience a heart attack, less likely to be obese, and less likely to rate their own health as fair or poor. However, high testosterone men are more likely to report one or more injuries, more likely to consume five or more alcoholic drinks in a day, more likely to have had a sexually transmitted infection, and more likely to smoke. The literature suggests that attention, memory, and spatial ability are key cognitive functions affected by testosterone in humans. Preliminary evidence suggests that low testosterone levels may be a risk factor for cognitive decline and possibly for dementia of the Alzheimer's type, a key argument in life extension medicine for the use of testosterone in anti-aging therapies. The literature suggests that testosterone may have a positive effect on mood and depression. High androgen levels are associated with menstrual cycle irregularities in both clinical populations and healthy women. Testosterone may increase the spread of prostate cancer. In people who have undergone testosterone deprivation therapy, testosterone increases beyond the castrate level have been shown to increase the rate of spread of an existing prostate cancer. Testosterone supplementation may increase hematocrit, red blood cell count, and may require venipuncture to lower hematocrit to normal levels. Testosterone decline in men In some men, testosterone will decline as they age. Some believe this is part of the normal aging process. Some believe it is not. Those that believe it is not point to the health benefits of testosterone and the population of men that do not have declining testosterone. It is my personal opinion that declining testosterone levels are NOT normal. Testosterone plays too big a role in the health of men. Without testosterone, men can have any, some or all of the following health problems: Fatigue Low energy Sleep issues Decreased concentration Depression Irritability Weakness Low stamina Erectile dysfunction Decreased libido Decreased height Obesity Thyroid issues Diabetes Low ejaculate volumes Decreased testicular size If you are experiencing any of these problems, please make an appointment with Dr. Ohling to discuss your concerns.