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Disorders of Memory - Summary of Research
Research on AMNESIA
Findings
Evaluation and Analysis. What do the
findings suggest? Is this evidence
convincing? Why?
Explanation 1: loss of
explicit memory
Schacter (1987):
Amnesiacs have normal
implicit/procedural memory, but
impaired explicit/declarative
memory
Supports the explanation but is descriptive of
symptoms rather than cause.
Warrington & Weiskrantz
(1968): HM and the Gollin
test
Milner (1962): HM and
mirror drawing
Stickgold (2000): Tetris
Ryan et al (2000):
Relational memory binding
Disorders of Memory - Summary of Research
Research on AMNESIA
Explanation 2: Inability to
consolidate new memories
Findings
Issac and Mayes (1999):
Amnesiacs could retrieve but not
consolidate memories
HM and Clive Wearing
Consolidation issues caused by
damage to hippocampus
The temporal gradient:
Gabrieli (1998):
evidence which supports the lack of
consolidation theory
.
Reed and Squire (1998):
MRI scans on amnesiacs
Remondes & Scman (2004):
Evaluation and Analysis. What do the
findings suggest? Is this evidence
convincing? Why?
damage to rats’ hippocampus
Damage to CA1 (hippocampus) causes
anterograde amnesia
Disorders of Memory - Summary of Research
Research on ALZHEIMERS,
Explanation 1: β-amyloids,
plaques and tangles
Findings
Evaluation and Analysis. What do the
findings suggest? Is this evidence
convincing? Why?
Selkoe (2000):
Amyloid precursor protein broken
down into β-amyloid protein 42
causing the build up of plaques
causes damage to cerebral cortex and
hippocampus
Berntson et al (2002):
causes damage to basal forebrain
Murphy & LeVine (2010):
β-amyloid starts chain of events
which leads to alzheimer’s
β-amyloid interferes with normal
brain function
Synder (2005):
β-amyloid interferes with NDMA
neurotransmitter
Cleary et al (2005):
rats injected with β-amyloid have
memory disruption.
structure of cell body disintegrates
sue to build up of tau protein
Tangles:
Disorders of Memory - Summary of Research
Research on ALZHEIMERS
Explanation 2: Genes
Alzheimer’s can be
explained by a genetic
predisposition. These genes
play a role in producing βamyloid
Findings
Lott (1982): Early onset
Alzheimer’s linked to
chromosome 21 (down’s
syndrome)
damage to rats’ hippocampus
Levy-Lahad eta al (1995):
Early onset Alzheimer’s gene found
on chromosome 1
Schellenberg et al (1992):
Early onset Alzheimer’s gene found
on chromosome 14
Ertekin-Taner et al (2000):
Gene for later onset Alzheimer’s
found on chromosome 10
St George-Hislop (2000):
Half of all Alzheimer’s patients have
no relatives with the illness
Yoruba people have Alzheimer’s
genes, but much lower rates of the
illness.
Hendrie (2001):
Evaluation and Analysis. What do the
findings suggest? Is this evidence
convincing? Why?
Genes do not provide a full explanation
Disorders of Memory - Summary of Research