Download ADJECTIVES

NOUNS – person, place, thing, or idea
Abstract – cannot be senses by any of the five senses
joy
fear
success
responsibility
Concrete – is physical in some way
air
carbon dioxide
table
music
Collective – names a group made up of many individuals (without being necessarily being plural)
team / teams
flock / flocks
class /classes
Compound – one noun made up of two or more words (sometimes separated)
Statue of Liberty
ice cream
horseback
Proper – names a specific person, place, or thing; begins with a capital letter
George Washington
Attleboro
Pizza Hut
Common – names a general, non-specific type of person, place, or thing
president
city
restaurant
Activity 1: Concrete or abstract?
1. wrath __________
2. elbow __________
3. smile __________
4. ambition __________
5. war hero__________
6. conversation __________
Activity 2: Singular or Plural?
1. crowd __________
2. mothers-in-law __________
3. geese __________
4. groups __________
5. audience __________
6. octopus __________
Activity 3: Complete the columns.
Common
musician
Proper
Beethoven
Miss Baudinet
Gettysburg Address
Common
grocery store
inventor
Proper
Mars
Activity 4: Underline all the common nouns once and the proper nouns twice.
1. All the mothers got together and decided to throw a party for the class. (3 total)
2. I was glad when Grandma said she and I were like two peas in a pod. (3)
3. My note said that I was out for a walk, but the truth was that I had taken my bike. (4)
4. Justin saw his French teacher at the bus stop last Thursday. (4)
PRONOUNS – take the place of a noun
Antecedent – the noun the pronoun replaces
My father opened his mail.  father is the antecedent of his
I bought two cupcakes. Each cost 99 cents.  cupcakes is the antecedent of each
All of the popcorn was eaten.  popcorn is the antecedent of all
Personal Pronouns
1st Person
Singular
Plural
I, me, my,
we, us, our,
mine
ours
Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular
this
that
Interrogative Pronouns
who
what
Indefinite Pronouns
Singular
another
much
anybody
neither
anyone
nobody
anything
no one
each
nothing
either
one
everybody
other
everyone
somebody
everything
someone
little
something
3rd Person
Singular
Plural
he, him, his,
they, them,
she, her, hers, their, theirs
it, its
2nd Person
Singular
Plural
you, your,
you, your,
yours
yours
Plural
these
which
Plural
both
many
few
several
others
whose
those
whom
Sing. or Plural
all
any
more
most
none
some
Activity 1: Underline all the pronouns in each sentence.
1. Who are you inviting to our barbecue? (3)
2. We thought that many of the jokes fell flat. (3)
3. Ham or turkey? I like both, but I would prefer some of the smoked turkey. (4)
4. Which of their cars will they be driving everyone in? (4)
Activity 2: Draw an arrow from each bold pronoun to its antecedent.
Our annual summer bash was a disaster this year. I looked forward to it for three months, only to
wish it had never happened by the time it was over. Most of the guests showed up on time, but three of
them arrived an hour late. One of these guests, Aunt Helen, immediately began complaining about the
food and drinks. Neither was the right temperature, being either too cold or too warm. Then, she
demanded a seat. We brought her three possible chairs. None were good enough. This was only the
beginning of a very unpleasant day.
Activity 3: Identify the types of pronouns used in each sentence.
1. I was surprised that no one complained about the heat. ________________ , __________________
2. Whom is she expecting for lunch? __________________, __________________
3. Could you hold these for a minute? __________________, __________________
4. She would like some if there is any left. __________________, _________________, ________________
ADJECTIVES – describe a noun or pronoun
Adjectives answer these questions: What kind? Which one? How many? How much?
What kind: I would like a chocolate ice cream cone.
Which one: Can you hand me that book.
How many: We invited sixty guests to the party.
How much: There was not enough time.
Articles – the (definite), a (indefinite), an (indefinite)
Nouns used as adjectives
N.
Adj.
I have a pet duck.
We fished in the duck pond.
N.
Adj.
I baked a cake.
I ate the cake batter.
Proper Adjectives (always capitalized)
I enjoy studying European history.
April showers bring May flowers.
Compound Adjectives
two-timing crook
so-called expert
an I-told-you-so expression
heartbreaking news
Pronouns used as adjectives:
Demonstrative Adjectives (always followed by a noun)
this
that
these
Adj.
N.
P.
Adjective: I want those sneakers.
Pronoun: I want those.
Interrogative Adjectives (always followed by a noun)
who
what
which
Adj.
those
N.
whose
whom
P.
Adjective: Which flavor do you like?
Pronoun: Which do you like?
Possessive Adjectives
my
your
her
his
Example: This is my coat.
Indefinite Adjectives
any
all
their
its
The Browns took their dog for a walk.
some
Example: Sean didn’t have any money.
few
many
several, etc
Missionaries have few possessions.
Activity 1: What question does each underlined adjective answer?
1. Carl made few mistakes on his test. _________________ , _________________
2. I would like to try the mushroom pizza. _________________
3. This doll is Gina’s favorite toy. _________________ , _________________
4. Martha would like some hot fudge on her sundae. _________________
Activity 2: Write a sentence using each noun below as an adjective.
Ex. house  We threw a house party last October.
1. dog  ___________________________________________________________________________
2. car  ___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Underline the adjectives and draw an arrow to the nouns or pronouns they modify.
1. Several weeks ago, Byron cracked his new cell phone. (3)
2. My dad remained calm and composed when the engine overheated. (3)
3. I couldn’t decide which music would be best for the party. (2)
4. A light breeze grazed the tips of the golden cornstalks like a gentle caress. (3)
Activity 4: Write whether each underlined word is an adjective or pronoun.
1. I can’t tell whose pencil this is. _________________
2. I wouldn’t wear that if you paid me. _________________
3. What is the capital of Germany? _________________
4. Many are called, but few are chosen. _________________ , _________________
5. If you eat these peas, you can have dessert. _________________
ADVERBS – modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Adjectives answer these questions: Where? When? In what way (how)? To what extent?
Where: I stood there for three hours.
When: I will see you later.
How: The artist carefully painted the delicate figurines.
To what extent: Billy is almost finished with his homework.
Adverbs modifying verbs
Gerald quickly learned how to drive a car.
I sat down on the couch.
Adverbs modifying adjectives
That was a very brave thing to do.
We bought three extra large pizzas.
Adverbs modifying adverbs
The new model sold more quickly than predicted.
These break too easily.
Activity 1: Draw an arrow from each underlined adverb to the word it modifies. Then write the part of
speech of the word modified.
1. Hal awoke early enough to see the sun rise. __________________
2. Come here and clean up this mess. __________________
3. This is an unusually bitter apple. __________________
4. His signed his name rather sloppily. __________________
Activity 2: Underline the adverb(s) in each sentence. Draw an arrow to the word each one modifies.
1. Everywhere we looked, people were lounging lazily. (2)
2. The ocean water wasn’t terribly cold, but I thought longingly of my hot tub. (2)
3. She raised her hand so eagerly she knocked over her books. (3)
4. Running hurriedly, she made it inside before the alarm rang. (2)
Activity 3: Each pair contains one preposition and one adverb. Label them correctly.
1. Have you ridden a horse before? ___________________
The captain stood before the mast. ___________________
2. Let’s gather around the fire. ___________________
I don’t want to stand around in the cold for too long. ___________________
Activity 4: Circle whether each underlined word is used as an adverb or a preposition.
1. The prankster tipped the statue over and ran away.
a. adverb
2. We were the only kids on the beach.
b. preposition
a. adverb
3. If you’re free after school, you should stop by.
a. adverb
4. The ball rolled down the street.
b. preposition
a. adverb
b. preposition
b. preposition
PREPOSITIONS – relate nouns or pronouns to the rest of the sentence
Common prepositions
about
at
above
before
across
beside
after
between
against
by
among
down
around
during
Compound prepositions
according to
ahead of
apart from
aside from
as of
except
for from
in into
near
of
off
on
because of
by means of
in addition to
in back of
in front of
over
through
to
toward
under
up
upon
in place of
in spite of
instead of
in view of
next to
with
within
without
on account of
on top of
out of
A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun, called the object of
the preposition. A prepositional phrase does not contain a verb.
Prep.
Prep. Object of the Prep.
Object of the Prep.
Examples: The clerk walked behind the counter.
We stood next to each other.
Prepositional phrase
Prepositional phrase
Not a prepositional phrase: I hope to win the lottery.
“to win” is a verb infinitive
Activity 1: Put parentheses around all the prepositional phrases. Underline the prepositions and write OP
over the objects of the prepositions.
1. In spite of everything, I still believe that most people are good at heart. (2)
2. Please pay attention during your sister’s concert. (1)
3. All my good friends are coming to the party except Sasha. (2)
4. There are over 43,000 people living in Attleboro, according to Wikipedia. (3)
5. To reach my house, walk across the footbridge, under the archway, and up the stone staircase. (3)
Activity 2: Circle whether each underlined word is used as an adverb or a preposition or neither.
1. Remember to turn the TV off before you leave.
2. There was nowhere to go but up.
a. adverb
a. adverb
3. I think I left my keys somewhere near the door.
b. preposition
b. preposition
a. adverb
c. neither
c. neither
b. preposition
c. neither
VERBS – express an action or a condition
Action verbs tell an action. These can be transitive or intransitive.
Transitive = the verb is followed by a direct object
V.
Intransitive = there is no direct object after the verb
DO.
V.
I ate the vanilla cake.
Prep. Phrase
I arrived at three o’clock.
Linking verbs tell a condition. They connect the subject with a noun, pronoun, or adjective. A linking verb
can logically be replaced by an equal sign.
You are the winner.
You = winner
This tastes amazing.
This = amazing
It was he.
It = he
Helping verbs are placed before other verbs to form verb phrases. Helping verbs often indicate verb tense.
Action verbs and linking verbs can both have helping verbs.
helping verb
main verb (action)
Shelby can climb any tree.
helping verb
main verb (linking)
Ronald can be impatient at times.
* When you are asked to find a verb, you should always include the helping verb. *
Activity 1: Double underline the verb in each sentence. Label main verbs (MV) and helping verbs (HV). If
there is only a single verb, it is always a main verb.
1. I would love to see Alaska someday.
2. Ray didn’t remember my birthday.
3. Everything seemed perfect on that warm summer’s day.
4. Jerry Spinelli is a well-known author.
5. Can I go outside now?
Activity 2: Double underline the verb, then write whether it is linking (LV) or action (AV) on the line.
1. This chocolate milk shake tastes fantastic! ______
2. Every July 4th, fireworks explode over the bay. ______
3. I have been working on this essay for two hours. ______
4. My brother will be late to school tomorrow. ______
5. You have seemed down in the dumps lately. ______
Activity 3: Each pair of sentences below uses the same verb as an action verb and as a linking verb. Write
AV or LV on the line next to each sentence. Use the equal sign test to help you.
1. The astronomer looked carefully through the microscope. ______
The astronomer looked pale and sickly. ______
2. We smelled foul after falling in the swamp. ______
Fido smelled the beef stew and came running into the kitchen. ______
3. The chef tasted his soup with delight. ______
To my weakened taste buds, the spicy salsa tasted almost bland. ______
4. On the fifth try, the rabbit appeared in the magician’s hat. ______
The witness appeared nervous when the lawyer questioned him in court. ______