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The Respiratory System 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 4 Trachea / Wind pipe Muscles Bronchiole Lung Rib Air sacs / Alveoli Bronchus Diaphragm Alveoli / Air Sacs This is where gas exchange happens... • Oxygen diffuses into the blood • Carbon dioxide diffuses out Air Sacs This is where gas exchange happens. Oxygen diffuses into the blood. Carbon dioxide diffuses out. Gas exchange • Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs • Oxygen diffuses into the blood • Carbon dioxide diffuses out blood out CO2 blood in O2 Why are alveoli so effective for gas exchange? Alveoli Alveoli are good at gas exchange because: • They have a large surface area • They have a good blood supply • Their lining is moist • They are very thin This means a lot of diffusion can happen quickly! Why do veins look blue? Why is blood red? Haemoglobin, found in red blood cells, carries oxygen around the body. Haemoglobin contains iron which looks bright red combined with oxygen. Nice dissection video http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/st andard/biology/the_body_in_action/the_need_for_ energy_rev3.shtml What stops things getting into your lungs? What stops things getting into your lungs? Mucus and Cilia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miEEluVlemQ Respiratory System • Trachea and bronchi are lined with: – Rings of cartilage for support; prevents tubes closing – Mucus to trap dirt and germs – Cilia (tiny hairs) to sweep mucus out of the lungs Model Lung Breathing Breathing is not the same as respiration. Respiration is a chemical reaction. Breathing is the process of moving air in and out of the body. Breathing When you breathe in what happens to... • Your ribs? • Your diaphragm? • The volume of your lungs? Breathing Inhale: take air into lungs Exhale: remove air from lungs Lung Measurements Lung Measurements Tidal volume: the volume of air you move in and out of your lungs when breathing normally Vital capacity: this is the maximum volume of air you can move out of your lungs Peak flow: this is the maximum rate which you can force air out of your lungs Tidal volume the maximum volume of air you can move out of your lungs Vital capacity the maximum rate which you can force air out of your lungs Peak flow volume of air you move in and out of your lungs when breathing normally How much air can your lungs hold? How long can you hold your breath? The man who can hold his breath for 10 minutes! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Vcv01Jm-Ow Tidal Volume (normal breath) Vital Capacity (forced exhale) 3800 200 7cm 19cm What might a doctor use peak flow to test for? Peak flow can be used to test for asthma. What factors might affect lung measurements? What might cause someone to have a bigger or smaller vital capacity? Size Age Sex Fitness Videos and Animations • http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/glowscience/human _body/lungs/film_151/index.html Respiration • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/RPRLC/launch.html • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/CRBLC/launch.html Alveoli • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/AOALC/launch.html Mucus • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/MUMLC/launch.html Respiratory System • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/TRSLC/launch.html Gas Exchange • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html Air • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/GEXLC/launch.html • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/DNXLC/launch.html Breathing • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningsteps/BRVLC/launch.html • http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology /pc/learningSimulations/BRVSC/launch.html Alveoli • http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/ breathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/Respiratory Label.html Respiratory System • http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/ breathing/RespiritorySystemLabelling/Respiratory Label.html Breathing • http://subscription.echalk.co.uk/Science/biology/ breathing/breathingAni/breathing.html
