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Genetika – definice slov - 1 Chromosome Thread-like structures carrying genetic information and found in the nucleus of a cell. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid the material of inheritance, makes up chromosomes. Genes Short sections of DNA carrying genetic information that make individual characteristics. Genetic information Information carried by genes and passed on from one generation to the next. Gametes Sex cells, produced during sexual reproduction. E.g. sperm, egg, pollen. Nucleus An organelle found in living cells which contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes. Genetika – definice slov - 2 Resemble Organisms with the same genes will have similar characteristics, or r……………. each other. Asexual reproduction A type of reproduction involving only one parent. The offspring have the same genes as each other and as their parent. Sexual reproduction A type of reproduction involving a male and a female parent. The offspring all have different genes (unless they are twins) and are different from their parents. Variation Individuals that have different genes and therefore different characteristics show v............... Allele A version of a particular gene e.g. the gene for flower colour has a red version and a white version. Clone Offspring produced by asexual reproduction which are identical to their parent organism. Genetika – definice slov - 3 Cuttings A method of asexual reproduction in plants where a small piece of a plant is cut off then grown separately from its parent to make a new plant. Tissue cloning Getting a few cells from a desirable plant to make a big mass of identical cells, each of which can be grown on to produce a tiny identical plant. Embryo cloning Splitting cells apart from a developing embryo before they become specialised to produce several identical embryos. Genetic engineering A technique for changing the genetic information of a cell. Insulin A hormone which controls blood sugar level; it can be made by genetically engineered bacteria. Plasmid A small section of DNA found in bacteria. It is used in genetic engineering to insert a useful gene from a different organism.