Download gained (-) or lost (+) an electron

Matter
Anything that takes up space (volume) and has
mass
Atom
Smallest particles that bond together to form a
molecule
Molecule
Composed of two or more atoms
Compound
Composed of two or more different types of
molecules
Ions
Cations
When an atom has gained (-) or lost (+) an
electron and then has a charge attached to it.
Examples: Na+ and Cl-
When an atom loses an electron and has a
positive charge (+) because there are now
more protons (+) than electrons (-)
Think: “Cats have Paws” (Cations have pos
charges)
Anions
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond
Isotopes
Radioactive Isotope
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Nucleus of Atom
When an atom gains an electron and becomes
more (-) because there are more negative
electrons present than positive protons.
(Think: “An” means NOT or Negative for Ions)
Atoms that have transferred electrons - gained
or lost an electron(s) - such as NaCl which has
an ionic bong
A bond between atoms where electrons are
shared. Triple bonds are the strongest.
(Think co-captains who share the job of being a
captain on a team)
Atoms that have a DIFFERENT NUMBER OF
NEUTRONS than what is listed on the periodic
table.
Atoms that have so many neutrons the nucleus
tends to break down and release radioactivity
Ex: Carbon dating of fossils
Positive charge
Neutral charge
Negative charge
Contains protons and neutrons
Makes up the mass of an atom
Electron Cloud
Know how to determine the number of
protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom
Remember: Atomic Mass or Mass # is the
more massive number on the element
The area around the nucleus that contains the
electrons. It makes up the volume of the atom
Atomic Number = # Protons
Atomic Number = # Electrons
Atomic Mass =
#Protons + # Neutrons
Mass - # Protons = # Neutrons
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outer shell of the atom
Electronegativity
The force of attraction between the protons in
the nucleus and the valence electrons
What happens to the electronegativity as you
go from top to bottom (groups) on the periodic
table?
The electronegativity decreases because the
protons and the valence electrons are farther
away from each other and the pull by the
protons decreases.
What happens to the electronegativity as you
go from right to left (periods) on the periodic
table?
The electronegativity increases because the
valence electrons are closer to the protons and
their pull