Download Unit 5: Muscle Physiology

Muscle
I. Functions of Muscle
 Stabilize joints with the help of _____________________
 Hold the body upright, against the force of _______________________
 Allows for movement
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___________________ muscle: body movements & breathing
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___________________ muscle: moves food & reduces size of blood vessels
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___________________ muscle: moves blood
 Produces heat for the maintenance of body _______________________
II. Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle
 ___________________  ______________________  ___________________  __________________
 Connective Tissue Around the Muscle
 _________________ – connective tissue that covers the entire muscle surface
 _____________ – fascia that has no muscle underneath it and connects muscle to bone
 _______________________ – connective tissue that wraps around each muscle fiber/cell
 A muscle fiber/cell is made of thousands of smaller contractile fibers called _____________________
 The contractile unit of a myofibril is called a ________________________
 The sarcomere is made of ____ lines, ____ bands, ____ bands, and ____ zone
 The A band consists of a thick protein called ________________ overlapping a thin protein called
__________________
 Myosin has ____________-________________ on its surface
 Draw a sarcomere:
III. Chemistry of a Muscle Contraction
 Muscles need ___________ (E) in order to contract. It can be produced by:
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___________________ Respiration
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_______________________ within the muscle cells make ATP by the breakdown of
____________________ molecules using _____________________
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Produces _____x more ATP than anaerobic respiration
______________________ Respiration
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Muscle cells can make ATP for the short term in the _______________________ when
oxygen has been _____________________
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Results in _______________ acid build up and cramping
IV. How Does a Muscle Contract
 Muscle are connected to _________________
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An impulse travels down a __________________ nerve to the muscle
 Muscles cells have storage sacs filled with ____________________
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The sacs are called ________________________ reticulum
 Once the impulse reaches the muscle
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The impulse causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release the _______________ to the muscle
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The calcium exposes ______________________ sites on the _________________ so that
myosin’s cross-bridges have something to pull
 The cross-bridges then use __________ as energy to pull the actin ______________ to contract the
muscle
V. The 8 Concepts of Muscle
 Concept #1
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Muscle fibers always point to their _____________________
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Muscle fibers always show the direction of ______________________ (pull)
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Draw:
 Concept #2
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Muscles attach to bones through either ________________________ attachments or
____________________ attachments
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Draw:
 Concept #3
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Muscles must have at least ____ attachments & cross at least ___ joint
 Concept #4
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Muscles can affect the shape of ________________
 Concept #5
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Muscles always _______________ & get __________________
 Concept #6
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The attachment that pulls on the bone is called the _____________________ & is usually on the
_________________ end of the muscle
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The attachment that stays in its “original” position (the anchor) is called the ________________
& is usually on the _______________________ end
 Concept #7
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Muscles that decrease the angle between ventral surfaces of the body are known as __________
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Muscles that increase the angle between ventral surfaces of the body are known as ___________
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Flexors are always on the _________________ side of the body while extensors are on the
___________________ side of the body
 Concept #8
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Muscles work in ______________________ pairs
 Example: The bicep is a _________________ and the tricep is an __________________
 The bicep & tricep are called an __________________________ pair