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RAT DISSECTION Image from: http://www.animationlibrary.com Mammals lived at same time as dinosaurs; mammals spread out when dinosaurs became extinct RAT LATIN meaning ANIMALIA KINGDOM _____________ PHYLUM ____________________________ CHORDATA VERTEBRATA “backbone” SUBPHYLUM ___________________________ Mammalia “breast” CLASS _______________________________ RODENTIA “to gnaw” ORDER _____________________________ http://hocktamas.fw.hu/apple/apple/Faux%20Fur%20(wide%20screen).jpg Hair or Fur http://www.carrythememories.com/images/zebra_fur.jpg Provides insulation (hold in body heat) Identification Camouflage http://www.alibaba.com/photo/50033899/Printed_Fur.jpg Nictitating membrane missing VIBRISSAE EXTERNAL NARES Tympanic membrane (eardrum) inside ear opening PINNA Catches sound MAMMARY GLANDS Modified sweat glands Males are non-functional Have nipples but don’t have right hormones to make milk EXIT OPENINGS Separate exit for feces = anus 3 openings 2 openings Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 FEMALES have 3 Exit openings MALES have 2 Exit openings Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 DIAPHRAGM Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 DIAPHRAGM Contracts to pull in air Divides coelom into: THORACIC CAVITY heart & lungs ABDOMINAL CAVITY digestive, excretory, reproductive organs SPLEEN Peeks out from behind stomach Makes, stores, and processes blood cells PANCREAS (In mesentery next to duodenum) Makes TRYPSIN digest proteins Makes INSULIN tells cells to store blood glucose as glycogen Makes GLUCAGON tells cells to release stored glycogen into bloodstream as glucose MESENTERY Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Stomach STOMACH Add acid/grind & mash food SMALL INTESTINE: DUODENUMAdd trypsin (digest proteins) & bile (digest fat) JEJUNUMFinish digestion/absorb nutrients ILEUMFinish digestion/absorb nutrients CECUM“J” Pouch at junction of small and large intestine Contain bacteria to digest plant material LARGE INTESTINECollect & Concentrate digestive waste absorb water back from feces RECTUMLast part of Large intestine Stores feces waiting to exit ANUS Exit opening for digestive waste only DID YOU KNOW? Human small intestine = about 22 feet long Human large intestine = 5 feet long Food can spend as long as 4 hours in the small intestine http://scavengerhunt.lee.k12.nc.us/digestive/digestive.jpg%20copy TRACHEA Cartilage rings keep airway open Lungs Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Left side of heart is largerPumps blood to entire body So lungs on that side are smaller 4 chamber heart Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Body organs RIGHT Atrium Right Ventricle Lungs LEFT Atrium Left Ventricle BIRD & MAMMAL CIRCULATION 4 chambers/2 loops Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 SALIVARY GLANDS Make digestive enzymes AMYLASE starts digesting complex carbohydrates (starch) in mouth SEMINAL VESICLESStore sperm Add fluids VAS DEFERENSCarry sperm to seminal vesicles EPIDIDYMISMature sperm Add tails TESTESMake sperm OVARYMakes eggs OVIDUCTCarries eggs to uterus UTERUSplace where baby grows VAGINAExit for baby VIVIPARITYBaby grows inside mom nourished by placenta KIDNEYS URINARY BLADDER