Download Cardiovascular System

Chapter 7
Cardiovascular System
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o
angiogram
vasospasm
vascular
aort/o
aortic
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
arteri/o
arteriosclerosis
ather/o
atheroma
atri/o
atrioventricular
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
cardi/o
cardiology
coron/o
coronary
my/o
myocardial
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
pector/o
steth/o
pectoral
stethoscope
sphygm/o
sphygmomanometer
thromb/o
thrombocyte
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
ven/o
phleb/o
venous
phlebitis
varic/o
varicosis
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
ventricul/o
ventricular
Cardiovascular System Overview
 Consists of the heart and blood vessels
 The heart pumps blood throughout the body
 Blood vessels transport blood throughout
the body
The Heart
 Muscular Organ
 Hollow interior
 Pumps blood throughout the body
 Four chambers
 Upper chambers
 Lower chambers
Structure of the Heart
 Four Chambers




Right atrium (upper chamber)
Left atrium (upper chamber)
Right ventricle (lower chamber)
Left ventricle (lower chamber)
 Septum — divides heart into right and left portions
 Interatrial septum — separates the atria
 Interventricular septum — separates the ventricles
Structure of the Heart
(continued)
 Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to
maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart
 tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right
ventricle
 mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and
left ventricle
 pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle
to pulmonary artery
 aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta
Layers of the Heart
 endocardium
 membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart
 myocardium
 Thick, muscular layer
 epicardium
 Outer membrane
 Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that
surrounds and encloses the heart
Structures of the Heart
Blood Vessels
 arteries
 vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles
 aorta
 large artery branching from the left ventricle
 arterioles
 small vessels receive blood from the arteries
Blood Vessels
(continued)
 capillaries
 tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
 venules
 small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into
the veins
 veins
 vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
Coronary Arteries
Blood and Lymph Circulation
Arteries
Veins
Blood Pressure
 Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of
the arteries, veins and heart chambers
 Determined by the volume of blood, the space
within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of
the heart contractions
Blood Pressure Terms
 diastole
 period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed
ventricles from the atria
 systole
 period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in
contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and
pulmonary artery
 normotension
 normal blood pressure
Blood Pressure Terms
(continued)
 hypotension
 low blood pressure
 hypertension
 high blood pressure
Blood Pressure Determination
Conditions Causing Reduction of Blood Flow
Types of Aneurysms
Coronary Artery Disease