Download Ocean Biogeographic Information System

Ocean Biogeographic
Information System
Vishwas Chavan
[email protected]
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
in association with
Mark J. Costello
[email protected]
Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Yunqing P. Zhang, Fred Grassle
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences,
Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, USA
Karen Stocks
San Diego Supercomputer Centre, University of California San Diego
CoML and OBIS
Ocean Biogrographic Information System
(OBIS) is the data and information
component of CoML
Primary Data on
Marine Species
Ocean Biogrographic Information System
publishes primary data on marine spcies
locations online www.iobis.org
It facilitates data discovery and exploration by
• searching by species, higher taxa, time, location, depth,
database
• mapping
• overlaying species distributions on ocean environments
• modeling of potential environmental range
And enables data capture for re-use
How does OBIS do it?
• Caches species distribution data from
databases distributed around world
• Creates taxonomic and geographic index
• Seeks out new datasets
• Develops standards for data exchange and
management
• Develops software tools for online use
• All data freely accessible online
Today, OBIS publishes
In cache
• 92 datasets
• 9 million records
• 59,000 species
In Index (edited data)
• 6.9 million records at genus level and
below
• 147,000 names (CoL land+marine)
amongst largest data providers to the
Global Biodiversity Information Facility www.gbif.org
Data capture progress
100
10
Millions of records
(a) total locations
(b) to genus level and below
8
80
6
60
4
40
Number of
(a) data sources
(b) marine species (1,000s)
2
20
0
0
2-02
8-02
2-03
8-03
2-04
Months
8-04
2-05
8-05
2-06
Who is OBIS?
Strategic alliance of organisations and people sharing vision to make
data publicly available for research, education and management
Includes:
• Data custodians and
data providers
• Tool providers
• Regional OBIS Nodes
and iOBIS portal
• Partner organizations
and Sponsors
• Committee members
• Editorial Board
• Persons providing
feedback
People running OBIS
International Committee
• Bob Branton
• Ann Bucklin
• Mark Costello (Chair, CEO)
• Catherine Duckett (Program
Manager)
• Daphne Fautin
• Rainer Froese
• Fred Grassle (Director Secretariat)
• Pat Halpin
• Gary Poore
• Karen Stocks
• Edward Vanden Berghe
• Yunqing Zhang (Portal Manager)
Managers Committee
• Bob Branton, Canada (chair)
• Vishwas Chavan, Indian Ocean
• Mark Fornwall, USA
• Marten Grundlingh, Sub-Saharan
Africa
• Mirth Lewis, South America
• Alicja Mosbauer, Australia
• Don Robertson, SW Pacific (NZ)
• Junko Shimura, Japan
• Sun Song, China
• Edward Vanden Berghe, Europe
• Yunqing Zhang, iobis portal
Representatives of Regional OBIS Nodes
OBIS Managers Committee
of 10 Regional Nodes Managers
Australia
Canada
China
Europe
India
Japan
New Zealand
South America
Sub-Saharan Africa
United States of America
Long-term
Long
-term scientific oversight
of online data
• Editorial Board
• quality data and tools to OBIS
• advise on end-user experience
• advise on taxonomic and
ecological issues
• involve peer-reviewers
• Who?
•
•
•
•
Leaders major data sources
World taxonomic experts
Technical experts
Scientists using OBIS-like
data
First members of the OBIS Editorial
Board
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bailly N.
Bouchet P.
Boxshall G. Blum S.
Branton R.
Bucklin A.
Buddemeier R. Costello M.J.
Fautin D.
Froese R.
Grassle J.F. Gordon D.
Holm P.
Myers R.A.
O’Dor R.
Poore G.
Rees T.
Rosenberg G.
Shirayama Y. Starkey D.
Stocks K.
Vanden Berghe E.
Wiley E.
Wilkin J.
Wood J.
OBIS data sources
Databases centered on
• Taxonomic group (literature sources)
• Field surveys (benthos, plankton, observations)
• Fishery surveys
Datasets:
• Museum collections
Global
Habitats
Regional
• Seabed, seashores to deep sea 39% datasets
National
• Plankton
17%
Local
• Several habitats
44%
A community effort in online publication of primary data
Location records in OBIS
Dataset records
• Fish
• Other vertebrates
• Invertebrates
• Plants
• Many taxa
(from collections, surveys)
24%
17%
20%
10%
29%
Global surveys
SAFHOS CPR zoo- phyto- plankton
NODC plankton
BioOcean (deep-sea)
Global collections
Atlantic Reference Centre (HMSC)
Southampton
Oceanography
Centre midwater
collections
Canadian
Museum
Nature
ZooGene
Global syntheses (1)
CephBase
Hexacorallia (anemones +)
FishBase
MicroBIS
Global syntheses (2)
SEAMAP – turtle, mammal, bird
HMAP
Historical data
Nematodes, mysids
Mollusca
Regional: Antarctic
BIANZO Antarctic benthos
(Belgium)
AADC seabirds
Weddell seals
AADC seabirds
Heard Island seals
Whales
Regional: NW Atlantic
ECNSAP
SE USA
invertebrate
Collection
ACCDC
EAISSNA
DFO
DFO Atlantic fisheries
E Canada benthic
macroinvertebrates
Regional: NE Atlantic
Kiel Bay
ArcticSSMB
+ Other local
Arctic datasets
MacroBel
Scheldt Estuary
MedOBIS
Sandbank
meiofauna
Regional: Pacific
Bishop Museum, Hawaii
NIWA, New Zealand fisheries
Australian museum
collections
Birds, invertebrates,
mammals, fish, turtles
National (1)
TISBE – Belgium +
CSIRO warehouse
BioMar Ireland
Nova Scotia museum
US EPA
National Benthic Inventory
National (2)
Pacific
South Atlantic and Pacific
Gwaii Haanas invertebrates
Sealion base
Gwaii Haanas plants
REVIZEE - benthos
Habitats?
Global habitat synthesis:
Seamounts Online
Added value
from data sharing
•
•
Different datasets show different distributions
Together they show a truer distribution
KGS Mapper maps where
similar environmental
conditions occur ±1 S.D.
OBIS data confirms predictions
Green or shore crab, Carcinus maenas
Invasive species in west North Atlantic and Australia
Where are the gaps?
• Geographic
• surface area
• depth
• Taxonomic
• Time
Southern and mid-oceans under-sampled
Total distribution data holding in OBIS: 5,253,721 records, 50,932 scientific names, 38,012 species
Primary Vs Secondary
Remember options to conduct gap analysis?
• Primary data = OBIS
• Secondary data = literature databases
• ASFA analysed for publications on “marine
biodiversity” by Moustakas & Karakassis (in
Aquatic Ecology 37, 2005)
Publications on “marine biodiversity” in ASFA by ocean region
(from Moustakas & Karakassis, Aq. Ecol. 39, 2005)
4
9
89
14
11
107
23
23
37
83
37
105
19
Total distribution data holding in OBIS: 5,253,721 records, 50,932 scientific names, 38,012 species
Poor relationship primary OBIS records to secondary ASFA entries
Data by depth
< 100 m depth
100 – 1,000 m depth
> 1,000 m depth
Data by region, depth
Africa
3000-10000
1000-3000
300-1000
100-300
10-100
0-10
Canada
Alaska
Australia
New Zealand
South America
Depth zones
North East Atlantic
North West Pacific
Indian Ocean
1
0
200
400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600
1000's genus & species records
1000
1000000
Log 10 scale
• Most data from North Atlantic (Europe and Canada)
• Less data with depth in all regions
Taxa by time period
Most data from 19th century was fish (HMAP effect)
invertebrates
fish
mammals
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Decade
Geography by time
1,000,000
Data records
Africa
Alaska
Australia
Canada
Indian Ocean
New Zealand
North East Atlantic
North West Pacific
100,000
10,000
South America
1,000
100
10
1
1750
1800
1850
1900
Decade
1950
2000
• Historical data for all regions, note Alaska
2050
Fishes
May provide good estimate of sampling effort for all taxa
Mammals, birds, reptiles
Birds
Mammals
But no snakes !
Reptiles
Crustaceans
Copepods
Decapods
Amphipods
Molluscs
Gastropods
(nudibranchs, snails)
Cephalopods (squids, octopuses, cuttlefish)
Bivalves (clams+)
Worms and microbes
Polychaetes
Protists
Nematodes
Bacteria
Numbers of species
Total
OBIS
Total
world
Vertebrata
13,887
14,272
Nematoda
2,004
4,200
48% round worms
Cnidaria
3,516
7,598
46% anemones+corals+
Annelida
2,594
8,080
32% worms *
Other
629
2,197
29% other
Tunicata
241
1,286
19% tunicates
Crustacea
5,584
30,472
18% crustaceans
Mollusca
5,708
32,813
17% molluscs
Pycnogonida
141
940
15% sea spiders *
Echinodermata
802
6,700
12% echinoderms
Bryozoa
528
5,700
9% mat animals *
Nemertea
115
1,250
9% ribbon worms *
Porifera
310
6,000
5% sponges
0
6,795
0% flatworms *
Platyhelminthes
% in
OBIS
97% vertebrates
What are the gaps?
• Geographic
• surface area
• depth
less southern and mid-oceans
less with depth in all oceans
• Taxonomic
•
only reasonable for vertebrate’s
• Time
•
less recent and pre-1950
• Above effects additive!
What you can do!
• Comment on OBIS website and portal
• it is as good as you help make it!
• Assist OBIS networking to scientists
• Promote need for OBIS to governments and
funding agencies
• Encourage data publication through OBIS
• new datasets, newly digitised data,
• compliment those who have published online
Thank you !
• To all members OBIS committees
• To persons who enabled publication of datasets
through OBIS
• People who provided feedback on OBIS website
and portal
• Census of Marine Life and its participants
• Alfred P. Sloan Foundation