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Progress and plans In context of SCOR meeting, 8th December 2006, London What is OBIS? Ocean Biogeographic Information System publishes primary data on marine spcies locations online www.iobis.org It facilitates data discovery and exploration by Mark J. Costello [email protected] Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, New Zealand How does OBIS do it? • Caches species distribution data from databases distributed around world • Creates taxonomic and geographic index • Seeks out new datasets • Develops standards for data exchange and management • Develops software tools for online use • All data freely accessible online Who is OBIS? Strategic alliance of organisations and people sharing vision to make data publicly available for research, education and management Includes: • Data custodians and data providers • Tool providers • Regional OBIS Nodes and iOBIS portal • Partner organizations and Sponsors • Committee members • Editorial Board • Persons providing feedback • searching by species, higher taxa, time, location, depth, and database • mapping • overlaying species distributions on ocean environments • modeling of potential environmental range And enables data capture for re-use Recent review • Open Access at • http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v316/ People running OBIS International Committee • Bob Branton • Ann Bucklin • Mark Costello (Chair) • Executive Director (vacant) • Daphne Fautin • Rainer Froese • Fred Grassle (Director Secretariat) • Pat Halpin • Gary Poore • Karen Stocks • Edward Vanden Berghe • Yunqing Zhang (Portal Manager) Managers Committee • Bob Branton, Canada (chair) • Vishwas Chavan, Indian Ocean • Mark Fornwall, USA • Marten Grundlingh, Sub-Saharan Africa • Mirth Lewis, South America • Alicja Mosbauer, Australia • Don Robertson, SW Pacific (NZ) • Junko Shimura, Japan • Sun Song, China • Edward Vanden Berghe, Europe • Yunqing Zhang, iobis portal Representatives of Regional OBIS Nodes 1 OBIS Managers Committee Today, OBIS publishes of 10 Regional Nodes Managers In cache • Near 150 datasets • Over 10 million records • 78,000 species Australia Canada China Europe India Japan New Zealand South America Sub-Saharan Africa United States of America amongst largest data providers to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility www.gbif.org Predicted data capture Data publication progress 12 150 30 500 Over 140 datasets interoperable 8 100 Over 10 million records Millions of records (a) total records (b) to genus level and below 20 400 300 50 4 200 10 Over 70,000 marine species 0 Feb-02 Feb-03 Feb-04 Feb-05 Number of (a) data sources (b) marine species (1,000s) 0 Feb-06 0 Time 100 0 Feb-02 Feb-03 Feb-04 Feb-05 Feb-06 Feb-07 Feb-08 Feb-09 Feb-10 Months Long-term LongLong-term scientific oversight of online data Quality Assurance • Editorial Board • • • • • • • Serve data from authoritative sources Cross-check data statistics and map User feedback buttons for each result Usage is part of quality control process Establish Editorial Board Web statistics – monitor usage (citation system) Develop peer-review system • quality data and tools to OBIS • advise on end-user experience • advise on taxonomic and ecological issues • involve peer-reviewers • Who? • • • • Leaders major data sources World taxonomic experts Technical experts Scientists using OBIS-like data First members of the OBIS Editorial Board • • • • • • • • • • • • • Bailly N. Bouchet P. Boxshall G. Blum S. Branton R. Bucklin A. Buddemeier R. Costello M.J. Fautin D. Froese R. Grassle J.F. Gordon D. Holm P. Myers R.A. O’Dor R. Poore G. Rees T. Rosenberg G. Shirayama Y. Starkey D. Stocks K. Vanden Berghe E. Wiley E. Wilkin J. Wood J. 2 OBIS data sources Location records in OBIS Databases centered on • Taxonomic group (literature sources) • Field surveys (benthos, plankton, observations) • Fishery surveys Datasets: • Museum collections Global Habitats Regional • Seabed, seashores to deep sea 39% datasets National • Plankton 17% Local • Several habitats 44% Dataset records • Fish • Other vertebrates • Invertebrates • Plants • Many taxa 24% 17% 20% 10% 29% (from collections, surveys) A community effort in online publication of primary data Global surveys Global collections Canadian Museum Nature Atlantic Reference Centre (HMSC) NODC plankton SAFHOS CPR zoo- phyto- plankton Southampton Oceanography Centre midwater collections BioOcean (deep-sea) Global syntheses (1) CephBase ZooGene Global syntheses (2) FishBase SEAMAP – turtle, mammal, bird HMAP Historical data Hexacorallia (anemones +) MicroBIS Nematodes, mysids Mollusca 3 Regional: Antarctic Regional: NW Atlantic BIANZO Antarctic benthos (Belgium) ECNSAP SE USA invertebrate Collection AADC seabirds ACCDC Weddell seals AADC seabirds Heard Island seals DFO DFO Atlantic fisheries Whales EAISSNA Regional: NE Atlantic E Canada benthic macroinvertebrates Regional: Pacific Bishop Museum, Hawaii Kiel Bay ArcticSSMB + Other local Arctic datasets MacroBel Scheldt Estuary MedOBIS Sandbank meiofauna NIWA, New Zealand fisheries Australian museum collections National (1) Birds, invertebrates, mammals, fish, turtles TISBE – Belgium + CSIRO warehouse BioMar Ireland Nova Scotia museum US EPA National Benthic Inventory 4 National (2) Habitats? South Atlantic and Pacific Pacific Global habitat synthesis: Seamounts Online Gwaii Haanas invertebrates Sealion base Gwaii Haanas plants REVIZEE - benthos Added value from data sharing • Different datasets show different distributions • Together they show a truer distribution Data by depth KGS Mapper maps where similar environmental conditions occur ±1 S.D. < 100 m depth 100 – 1,000 m depth > 1,000 m depth OBIS data confirms predictions Green or shore crab, Carcinus maenas Invasive species in west North Atlantic and Australia Fishes Mammals, birds, reptiles Birds Mammals But no snakes ! May provide good estimate of sampling effort for all taxa Reptiles 5 Crustaceans Molluscs Gastropods (nudibranchs, nudibranchs, snails) Copepods Cephalopods (squids, octopuses, cuttlefish) Bivalves (clams+) Decapods Amphipods Worms and microbes Polychaetes Numbers of species Nematodes Protists Bacteria Total OBIS Total world Vertebrata 13,887 14,272 Nematoda 2,004 4,200 48% round worms Cnidaria 3,516 7,598 46% anemones+corals+ Annelida 2,594 8,080 32% worms * Other 629 2,197 29% other Tunicata 241 1,286 19% tunicates Crustacea 5,584 30,472 18% crustaceans Mollusca 5,708 32,813 17% molluscs Pycnogonida 141 940 15% sea spiders * Echinodermata 802 6,700 12% echinoderms Bryozoa 528 5,700 9% mat animals * Nemertea 115 1,250 9% ribbon worms * Porifera 310 6,000 5% sponges 0 6,795 0% flatworms * Platyhelminthes What are the gaps? • Geographic • surface area • depth less southern and mid-oceans less with depth in all oceans % in OBIS 97% vertebrates Future plans • Use data to demonstrate its value • Gap analysis of undiscovered oceans • discover biogeographic patterns and their applications • Fill taxon and geographic gaps • Create a World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) • Taxonomic • only reasonable for vertebrate’s • Improve metadata at record and dataset level • Marine “habitat” classification for data exchange • Focus on data quality and comprehensiveness • Time • less recent and pre-1950 • Above effects additive! • 1+ location for every marine species • Completion data fields including metadata • Improved online tools • Time visualization, • new options for querying data and download formats 6 OBIS data table • Mandatory • Species names, latitude, longitude, collection • Optional • Record url, record level source (citation), time and date of collection, collector, higher taxon, country or locality name, depth, temperature, life-stage, sex, abundance, weight, sample size Full data schema and guidance on SCOR meeting website (and on www.iobis.org) SCOR members role? • How OBIS deliver services to ocean data users? • • • • Species distribution data World Register Marine Species Taxonomic classification Habitat classification • What ocean data users are interested in species level biological data? • • • • NODC, GOOS, IMBER, CLIVAR GLOBEC, LOICZ IGBP, GEOHAB, SOLAS OBIS discovery metadata In ISO, FGDC, GCMD • Database name • Citation • Geographic coverage • Temporal coverage • Abstract • Scientific Contact • Technical contact • Website • Date this form completed • Publications from this data Insufficient standards • Taxonomic coverage • Habitat coverage • Collection method • Data source • Total distribution records • Total number of taxa Working with IODE expert groups (MEDI, GEBICH) to develop international standard What you can do! • Comment on OBIS website and portal • May need to modify: • • • • data schema data content metadata data export format • May need new data search and visualisation tools on OBIS • it is as good as you help make it! • Assist OBIS networking to scientists • Promote need for OBIS to governments and funding agencies • Encourage data publication through OBIS • new datasets, newly digitised data, • compliment those who have published online Thank you ! • To all members OBIS committees • To persons who enabled publication of datasets through OBIS • People who provided feedback on OBIS website and portal • Census of Marine Life and its participants • Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Imagine ! • Invention of printing press • Development • libraries • edited science journals • peer-reviewed science journals • Citation index impact on recognition and careers • Invention of internet and world wide web • Publication • Data online • Authoritative websites • Controlled “libraries” • Data use index impact on recognition and careers [email protected] 7 5 science culture challenges 1. Data sharing part of scientific process in marine biology 2. Data publication on-line becomes standard practice 3. Quality control for scientific credibility 4. Citation rankings of on-line publications 5. Recognition value on-line publication in individual’s research performance 8