Download Physics Instructional Objectives and Targets Introduction: [2 days] A

Physics Instructional Objectives and Targets
Introduction: [2 days]
A. Students will improve their understanding of the scope of physics.
I can:
1. describe the relationship between energy and matter.
2. summarize the subdivisions of physics.
3. distinguish between precision and accuracy with respect to experimental data.
4. use appropriate SI units.
Kinematics [36 days]
B. Students will improve their understanding of linear motion.
I can:
1. describe the relationship between velocity and acceleration.
2. compare average and instantaneous speed.
3. read and construct graphs of displacement verses time, velocity verses time, and acceleration
verses time for moving objects.
4. describe the effect of gravity on falling objects.
5. explain the use of a strobe in measuring moving objects.
6. demonstrate proficiency in applying linear motion equations: v=vo + at, d=do +vot + 1/2at2,
v2=vo2 + 2ad
C. Students will increase their understanding for two dimensional and periodic motion.
I can:
1. write equations for the horizontal and vertical components of both a projectile’s displacement
over time and its velocity over time.
2. calculate the displacement, velocity, and height over time for a projectile launched with an
initial velocity at a given height above a horizontal plane..
D. Students will develop their understanding of Newton’s laws.
I can:
1. describe a force vector.
2. resolve a vector into mutually perpendicular components.
3. determine vector sums by mathematical and graphical means.
4 explain and utilize Newton’s laws with balanced and unbalanced forces.
5. explain friction as it relates to materials.
6. draw a free body diagram and write a vector equation for a body in the form of Newton’s
second law.
7. explain the two conditions necessary for equilibrium.
8. demonstrate a proficiency in the application and use of forces in problem solving.
E. Students will improve their understanding of universal gravitation and circular motion.
I can:
1. describe centripetal force and acceleration.
2. distinguish between centripetal and centrifugal acceleration and force.
3. apply centripetal force and acceleration to problem solving in laboratory situations.
© 2011 Craig Kramer
4. describe the direction of the velocity and acceleration vectors for an object in uniform circular
motion.
5. describe how a gravitational field relates to mass and distance.
Mechanics [31 days]
F. Students will increase their understanding of momentum and the conservation of energy.
I can:
1. explain the relationship between work and energy.
2. distinguish between kinetic energy and potential energy.
3. relate power to work.
4. calculate the change in energy (kinetic, gravitational potential, and elastic potential) resulting
from doing work on an object.
5. calculate the amount of work done by a given force exerted on a body moving on an incline or
horizontal surface.
6. calculate the total linear momentum of an isolated system of moving masses.
7. apply the relationship between impulse and change of momentum.
G. Students will develop their understanding of waves.
I can:
1. compare transverse, longitudinal, and circular waves.
2. describe the factors determining the speed of waves on a string.
3. explain how wavelength and frequency are related to the velocity of a wave.
4. explain the principle of superposition and the conditions which waves will produce
constructive or destructive interference.
5. describe the conditions when a standing wave may be formed.
6. calculate the phase shift of one wave compared to another.
7. use a graph of the displacement of a point verses time to measure or calculate the frequency,
wavelength, and amplitude of the wave.
H. Students will increase their understanding of sound waves.
I can:
1. describe the sonic spectrum.
2. explain how sound intensity is measured and use the decibel scale.
3. describe the Doppler effect and determine the change in wavelength, and or, frequency due to
the motion of an observer or source.
4. explain harmonics and overtones of musical sounds.
5. sketch standing waves for open and closed tubes and calculate the wavelength and frequency of
each.
6. illustrate how resonance occurs.
7. explain forced vibrations and beats.
8. calculate the speed of sound from experimental laboratory data.
Light [16 days]
I. Students will gain an understanding of the reflection and refraction of light.
© 2011 Craig Kramer
I can:
1. describe how light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
2. explain the significance of the photoelectric effect.
3. apply the law of reflection.
4. explain the formation of images by plane, convex, and concave mirrors.
5. locate objects and images using ray diagrams and calculate the location and size using
equations.
6. describe the refraction of light.
7. compare the speed light to optical refraction.
8. describe how real and virtual images are formed by convex and concave lenses.
9. apply Snell's law.
10. describe total internal reflection and calculate the critical angle.
11. analyze light dispersion by a prism.
12. explain effects caused by refraction of light in a medium with varying refractive indices.
J. Students will increase their knowledge of the diffraction, interference and polarization of light.
I can:
1. explain and diagram the mechanism of the diffraction of light through a single and a double
slit.
2. explain the nature of interference of light such as on thin films or Newton's rings.
3. solve problems using the relationship between wavelength and the diffraction angle of light.
4. investigate the diffraction and interference of light.
5. explain the polarization of light and uses for it.
6. explain how holograms are made and how a holographic image is produced.
7. explain why sunsets are red and the sky is blue..
8. describe the basic properties of a laser.
9. explain the primary and complementary colors of light.
10. utilize the additive and subtractive processes of colored light.
Electricity [35 days]
K. Students will gain an understanding of electric fields and electric potential.
I can:
1. describe the process of electrostatic charging by conduction and induction.
2. explain and apply Coulomb's law.
3. describe potential difference and electric field and calculate the potential difference between
two points.
4. draw electric fields around dipoles and flat surfaces.
5. calculate the magnitude and direction of the electrical force exerted by an electric field on a
charge.
6. explain how capacitors function.
7. apply relationships involving potential difference, charge, capacitance, electric field strength,
and force.
8. calculate the work done on a charged particle by an electric field.
© 2011 Craig Kramer
L. Students will develop their understanding of direct current circuits.
I can:
1. explain the nature of electric current in terms of electric charge.
2. identify the elements in an electrical circuit that are in series and parallel.
3. use Ohm's law to calculate voltage across, the current through, or resistance of a circuit element
in a DC circuit.
4. demonstrate the correct placement of voltmeters and ammeters in an electric circuit.
5. calculate voltages, currents, power, and equivalent resistances in simple networks.
6. demonstrate and apply the relationship between heat energy in an electric circuit and the
resistance of the circuit.
7. draw schematic diagrams for circuits using resistors, capacitors, batteries, wires, and switches.
8. explain and use the basics of Kirchoff’s laws for a DC circuit network.
M. Students will increase their understanding of electronic devices.
I can:
1. explain the basic operation of a vacuum tube.
2. explain the difference between N and P type semiconductor materials.
3. explain solid state diodes (P-N junction) and transistors (PNP and NPN) and compare them to
vacuum tubes.
4. outline the formation of integrated circuits.
5. use and describe the logic for simple integrated circuits- particularly AND, OR, NAND, NOR,
and XOR gates.
Magnetism and Electromagnetism [20 days]
N. Students will increase their knowledge of magnetic fields.
I can:
1. explain the domain theory of magnetism and conditions under which magnetic fields are
produced.
2. explain the earth's magnetic field and the relationship to the solar wind and Auroras.
3. apply Ampere's law.
4. demonstrate proficiency using the right hand rules for magnetism.
O. Students will increase their understanding of electromagnetic induction.(Chapter 21 [4 days] + 22 [10 days])
I can:
1. summarize the importance of Faraday's experiments and discoveries of electromagnetic
induction.
2. describe electromagnetic induction and the factors that will affect the induced current and
calculate induced emf.
3. diagram and explain the basic characteristics of an electric motor and generator.
4. explain the concept of self and mutual inductance.
5. explain how a transformer operates and calculate input/output voltage, current, and power.
6. perform calculations using inductance, emf, current, transformer winding turns, and voltage.
7. compare and contrast AC and DC voltage and current.
8. use appropriate relationships for inductive and capacitive reactance, resistance, impedance,
© 2011 Craig Kramer
resonance, current, and potential difference in AC circuit problem solving.
9. explain the function of receiving and transmitting antenna in the use of radio and television.
10. explain electromagnetic wave propagation.
Atom and Nuclear [10 days]
P. Increase their understanding of atomic structure.
I can:
1. explain the properties of electrons, neutrons, protons, positrons, and neutrinos.
2. explain the origin of radioactivity and background radiation.
4. summarize the properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
5. summarize the properties of an isotope.
6. write and solve nuclear decay equations and transformations.
7. calculate binding energy released using nuclear mass defect.
8. calculate the half-life of a radioactive isotope and the amount of remaining isotope after a given
number of half-lives.
Q. Students will increase their understanding of nuclear changes and reactions.
I can:
1. distinguish between fission and fusion reactions.
2. outline the requirements for a nuclear chain reaction.
3. explain the operation of a nuclear fission reactor.
4. contrast artificial radioactivity with natural radioactivity.
5. explain the quark model of matter.
6. compare and contrast particles and anti-particles (matter/anti-matter).
7. perform an experiment similar to J. J. Thompson's q/m to calculate the mass of an electron.
Motion in the Heavens (Astrophysics) [24 days]
R. Students will increase their ability to explain why all scientific knowledge is subject to change as
new evidence becomes available to the scientific community.
I can:
1. analyze the astronomical relationships of Stonehenge.
2. summarize the daily and annual motion's of the sun, stars, moon, and planets.
3. compare and contrast Tycho Brahe’s, the Ptolemaic and Copernican models of the universe.
4. analyze the successes and limitations of the various models of the universe.
5. compare Tycho Brahe's, Galileo’s, and Kepler’s contributions.
6. plot a model of Earth’s orbit.
7. describe black hole, quasar, nebula, galaxy, pulsar.
8. plot a scale orbit of Mars and apply Kepler's laws.
S. Students will gain an understanding how Newton's laws of motion apply in the heavens.
I can:
1. describe and apply the concept of universal gravitation.
2. summarize Newton's discoveries.
3. extend the concept of universal gravitation to other heavenly bodies.
4. describe the Cavendish experiment.
© 2011 Craig Kramer
5. calculate the mass of planets using a satellite’s period and orbital radius.
6. plot orbits of a comet and compare it to planetary orbits.
7. solve problems using eccentricity, average orbital radius, perihelion and aphelion distances.
Nature of Science, Science and Technology (integrated in all units)
T. Students will increase their understanding of the relationship between science and technology.
I can:
1. utilize computer simulations.
2. use appropriate scientific instruments and tools such as scales, meter sticks, ammeters,
voltmeters, an oscilloscope, and Vernier sensors such as accelerometer, sound frequency, electronic
time, ultra-sonic range finder, potential difference, current, magnetic field strength, and radioactivity.
3. use computer based techniques for analyzing and interpreting data.
4. describe how computer technology can be used in extending knowledge.
Rev: 2/13/11
© 2011 Craig Kramer