* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Grammar Summary -- Spanish 1 Unidad 3 Etapa 3
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Tagalog grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish verbs wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
English verbs wikipedia , lookup
German verbs wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Grammar Summary -- Spanish 1 Unidad 3 Etapa 3 Describing the Weather A. To talk about the weather in Spanish, we often use the verb hacer: Hace (mucho) calor It's (very) hot Hace (mucho) fresco It's (very) cool Hace (mucho) frío It's (very) cold Hace (mucho) sol It's (very) sunny Hace (mucho) viento It's (very) windy Hace (muy) buen tiempo It's (very) nice weather Hace (muy) mal tiempo It's (very) bad weather B. When you talk about the sun or the wind, you can also use hay: Hay sol y hay viento = It's sunny and it's windy C. To talk about raining and snowing, use the verbs llover (o-->ue) - to rain and nevar (e --> ie) - to snow: Llueve mucho en el oeste del estado de Washington. Nieva mucho en la montaña Rainier. D. To say that it's cloudy, use the expression está nublado. (TRIVIA QUESTION: Why is it está nublado and not es nublado? See the answer at the bottom of the page.) Special Expressions Using tener You have already learned that someone is hungry or thirsty and to tell a person's age using the verb tener. It is also used in many other "idiomatic expressions." I'm hungry = Tengo hambre I'm thirsty = Tengo sed I'm 16 years old = Tengo 16 años I'm hot = Tengo calor I'm careful = Tengo cuidado I'm cold = Tengo frío I'm afraid = Tengo miedo I'm in a hurry = Tengo prisa I'm right = Tengo razón I'm sleepy = Tengo sueño I'm lucky = Tengo suerte I feel like dancing = Tengo ganas de bailar Direct Object Pronouns A "direct object" is a word that receives the action of a verb directly. (In the sentence "Paco buys shoes" the action of buying goes directly from Paco to the shoes.) An "indirect object" is a word that indirectly receives the action of a verb. (In the sentence "Paco buys shoes for us" the action of buying goes directly from Paco to the shoes and then indirectly to us, because we end up wearing them!) Right now we are concerned only with direct objects. A direct object answers the questions "Whom?" or "What?" as in "Whom do you see?" or "What did you buy?" Nouns used as direct objects can be replaced by direct object pronouns: SINGULAR PLURAL me = me us = nos you (fam.) = te you (fam. pl.) = os him, it, you (formal)(Masculine)= lo them, you (pl) (Masculine) = los her, it, you (formal) Feminine) = la them, you (pl) (Feminine) = las The direct object noun is placed after the conjugated verb, but a direct object pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb OR after the infinitive if there is one: Yo compro la blusa. Yo la compro. Yo la voy a comprar/Yo voy a comprarla. Saying What is Happening 'Right Now': Present Progressive The Present Progressive is the equivalent of using -ing in English when you want to talk about what is happening "right now." ("We can't play baseball right now. It's raining!") The Present Progressive is a two-part construction, using the present indicative tense of estar + the present participle of a verb. To form the present participle, drop the infinitive ending of the verb and add -ando for -AR verbs and iendo for -ER/-IR verbs. When the stem of an -ER/IR verb ends in a vowel, the spelling of -iendo changes to -yendo. (leer - leyendo, oir - oyendo, creer - creyendo) -AR Verbs like MIRAR I'm watching = Estoy mirando We're watching = Estamos mirando You (fam.) are watching - Estás mirando You (fam. pl.) are watching = Estáis mirando He, she, it, You (formal) is (are) watching = está mirando They, you (pl.) are watching = están mirando -ER Verbs like COMER I'm eating = Estoy comiendo We're eating = Estamos comiendo You (fam.) are eating - Estás comiendo You (fam. pl.) are eating = Estáis comiendo He, she, it, You (formal) is (are) eating = está comiendo They, you (pl.) are eating = están comiendo -IR Verbs like ESCRIBIR I'm writing = Estoy escribiendo We're writing = Estamos escribiendo You (fam.) are writing - Estás escribiendo You (fam. pl.) are writing = Estáis escribiendo He, she, it, You (formal) is (are) writing = está escribiendo They, you (pl.) are writing = están escribiendo ANSWER TO THE TRIVIA QUESTION: It's está nublado because estar is used for temporary conditions. Even in Washington state cloudy skies are only t emporary!