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The Civil War – Events leading up to and during the Civil War
I. Sectionalism
Each region of the United States gradually evolved its own distinct
_________________________________________.
South
Slavery (“_____________________institution”); invention of the ________________________________and
the increased demand for raw cotton lead to an expansion of slavery
_____________of the population in the South were slaves
I. Sectionalism
Northwest
Dominated by small, independent farmers
The “_______________________________________________” of the U.S.
Northeast
Center of ___________________________
II. Slavery
_________________________– saw slavery as a moral evil
Many former slaves, such as Frederick_________________, Sojourner Truth and
_________________Tubman gave speeches and ____________________________about what they
had experienced
William Lloyd Garrison wrote ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
II. Slavery
Pro-Slavery Southerners
Believed slaves were better treated than ______________________workers in the North
They feared that emancipating millions of slaves might lead to ___________________________and
violence against whites
III. Westward Expansion
Expansionist Policies
Annexation of _____________________territory gave rise to the question “should these territories have
slave or free labor”?
_______________________________Party formed in __________ to stop the spread of slavery
____________________states wanted to keep control in the ____________________
IV. The Breakdown of Compromise
The Missouri Compromise, 1820
Missouri admitted as __________________________state
_____________________admitted as free state
No other slavery was to be allowed in the area north of the southern boundary of Missouri
(________________________line of latitude)
IV. The Breakdown of Compromise
The Compromise of 1850
California was admitted as _______________ state
____________________________________________was applied to the other territories taken from Mexico
New and stricter ____________________________________________________was passed (greatly
resented in the North)
Sale of slaves was _________________________in Washington, D.C.
IV. The Breakdown of Compromise
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1954
Stephen _____________________wanted to build a rail road
through Nebraska/Kansas ___________________________
Applied popular sovereignty which would repeal The
__________________________Compromise
Republican Party was formed in direct response to the
____________________________________________________________Act
IV. The Breakdown of Compromise
“Bleeding Kansas”, __________________________
Both pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces tried to influence the outcome in Kansas
Two ____________________ governments____________________, one pro-slavery and one anti-slavery
Federal _______________________eventually had to send in troops to restore _________________
IV. The Breakdown of Compromise
The ____________________________________Decision, 1857
Dred Scott sued for his freedom after living in Illinois and Wisconsin for several years (free states)
Chief Justice ______________________________________announced the decision:
As an African American, Scott was _____________________________________and therefore had
not right to sue
Prohibition of slavery in northern territories by the Missouri Compromise
was_______________________________________________– Congress cannot take citizen’s
property away
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
“[African Americans] had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly
and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold and treated as an ordinary article of
merchandise, whenever profit could be made by it. [Referring to language in the Declaration of Independence]
it is too clear for dispute, that the enslaved African race were not intended to be included, and formed no part
of the people who framed and adopted this declaration…” – Chief Justice Taney
V. Differences in Constitutional Interpretation: States’ Rights
Southerners were strong supporters of _______________________________________________
Each state had joined the Union voluntarily, it also had the power to
________________________________________
Northerners believed that the ______________________________ was the work of the
_____________________________________people and not individual states
Secession
South Carolina was first to _________________________________
Six other states quickly followed;
______________________________________________________
Southern states became the “Confederate States of America” with
______________________________________________as president
Shots Fired at Fort Sumter
Lincoln wanted to send _______________________________________to Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston,
South Carolina
South fired upon ___________________________________on April 12, 1861
After this attack _____________________________and 3 other states joined the _____________________and the
border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware sided with the North
West Virginia was _________________________
The Course of the Civil War
Advantages of the North
More industrialized with more railroads, factories, mines, roads, and canals
More coal, iron, gold, and other natural resources
Merchant ships and control of U.S. Navy
Advantages of the South
Strong military leadership
Fighting for their way of life
General Winfield Scott’s “Anaconda Plan”
“Strangle” the South with a naval blockade of Southern ports and the use of Northern naval power to seize
control of the Mississippi and divide the Confederacy in two
The Emancipation Proclamation
After _________________________________victory Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
All slaves in those states still in ____________________________________would be freed
Did not actually free any slaves __________________________in states that recognized federal gov’t
Result: Made the war about slavery, ___________________________slaves to join the Union, and discouraged
___________________________and France from helping the Confederacy
Turning Point of the War
July 1863 – ____________________________________
Confederate forces were defeated
50,000 troops were injured or killed
Lee ______________________________________________into the North again
Day after Battle of Gettysburg, farther to the west, ___________________________won the
____________________________________________________giving the North control over the Mississippi River
Valley
The Last Year of the
War
Ulysses S. _____________________became commander of Union army
________________________________________________marched from Atlanta to Savannah, GA and then up the
coast into the Carolinas
“__________________________” – destroy everything in your path so
______________________________________________________________________or steal back
The Surrender
Grant takes the Confederate
capital of _______________________________
April 9, 1865 – Lee
_____________________________to Grant at
_________________________________
President Lincoln was assassinated
by
_________________________________________________________less than one week later
Florida in Focus
In 1860, the population of FL was just over 140,000 people
40% were slaves
__________________________________________had been confined to reservations a half century earlier
North sought to ________________________FL’s coastline
_________________________________Fort Pickens near Pensacola
Lee wanted FL’s agriculture and ____________________
1864 – Battle of__________________________; 5,200 Confederate troops
______________________5,500 Union soldiers