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CHAPTER 9 A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY 1812 - 1830 LOUISIANA PURCHASE • 1803 • Extended US border to the Rocky Mountains • Explorers, traders and settlers moved west • US nearly doubled in size • 1816: James Monroe elected as president AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY • U.S. settles disputes with Great Britain (RushBagot Agreement, Convention of 1818) over border with Canada and naval rights on the Great Lakes AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY • President James Monroe sends Andrew Jackson to secure U.S. – Spanish border in Florida in 1818 (no further orders, though) • Jackson invades to capture Seminole raiders and overthrows the Spanish governor – Sec. of State John Quincy Adams negotiates the Adams-Onis Treaty to acquire Florida in 1819 MONROE DOCTRINE • Many Latin American nations begin to fight for and win independence from Spain • Monroe and Adams fear European nations might take advantage of these newly formed countries • Monroe Doctrine (1823): warned European powers not to interfere with the nations of the Western Hemisphere or deal with the United States militarily NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM • Successful negotiations with foreign countries let to feelings of nationalism: strong feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation. • Rep. Henry Clay of Kentucky believed in the American System: measures to make the United States economically self-sufficient (national bank, protective tariff, improved roads and canals). He promoted national unity. NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM • Cumberland Road: also known as National Road, first one built by federal government • Erie Canal: ran from Albany to Buffalo, NY – very successful and encouraged other canals to be built ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS • 1815 – 1825 – a time of peace, pride, and progress • Emphasis on national unity • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – implied powers of Congress allows for national bank • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – states could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce MISSOURI COMPROMISE • Sectionalism: disagreements between different regions • 1820 – Missouri Compromise – Henry Clay (union was threatened) • Maine = Free State • Missouri = Slave State • Line at 360 30’ • North of the line = FREE • South of the Line = SLAVE III. AMERICAN CULTURE • American writers contributed to a growing national identity • Washington Irving: told stories of American history and combined European traditions with American characters and settings • Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow • James Fenimore Cooper: published books about American wars, Native Americans, helped popularize historical fiction • Last of the Mohicans ART, RELIGION, AND EDUCATION • Hudson River School: paintings that reflected national pride and appreciation of American landscape • Spiritual awakenings and revivals • Buildings were designed in Greek and Roman styles to reflect democratic and republican ideals • State-funded public education