Download Chapter 9 - Ramsey School

CHAPTER 9
A NEW NATIONAL IDENTITY
1812 - 1830
LOUISIANA PURCHASE
• 1803
• Extended US border to the Rocky Mountains
• Explorers, traders and settlers moved west
• US nearly doubled in size
• 1816: James Monroe elected as president
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
• U.S. settles disputes with Great Britain (RushBagot Agreement, Convention of 1818) over
border with Canada and naval rights on the
Great Lakes
AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY
• President James Monroe sends
Andrew Jackson to secure U.S. –
Spanish border in Florida in 1818 (no
further orders, though)
• Jackson invades to capture Seminole
raiders and overthrows the Spanish
governor – Sec. of State John Quincy
Adams negotiates the Adams-Onis
Treaty to acquire Florida in 1819
MONROE DOCTRINE
• Many Latin American nations begin to fight
for and win independence from Spain
• Monroe and Adams fear European nations
might take advantage of these newly
formed countries
• Monroe Doctrine (1823): warned European
powers not to interfere with the nations of
the Western Hemisphere or deal with the
United States militarily
NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM
• Successful negotiations with foreign
countries let to feelings of nationalism:
strong feelings of pride and loyalty to a
nation.
• Rep. Henry Clay of Kentucky believed in the
American System: measures to make the
United States economically self-sufficient
(national bank, protective tariff, improved
roads and canals). He promoted national
unity.
NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM
• Cumberland Road: also known as National
Road, first one built by federal government
• Erie Canal: ran from Albany to Buffalo, NY –
very successful and encouraged other
canals to be built
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
• 1815 – 1825 – a time of peace, pride, and
progress
• Emphasis on national unity
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – implied
powers of Congress allows for national bank
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – states could not
interfere with the power of Congress to
regulate interstate commerce
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
• Sectionalism: disagreements between different
regions
• 1820 – Missouri Compromise – Henry Clay (union was
threatened)
• Maine = Free State
• Missouri = Slave State
• Line at 360 30’
• North of the line = FREE
• South of the Line = SLAVE
III. AMERICAN CULTURE
• American writers contributed to a growing
national identity
• Washington Irving: told stories of American
history and combined European traditions
with American characters and settings
• Rip Van Winkle and Legend of Sleepy Hollow
• James Fenimore Cooper: published books
about American wars, Native Americans,
helped popularize historical fiction
• Last of the Mohicans
ART, RELIGION, AND EDUCATION
• Hudson River School: paintings that reflected
national pride and appreciation of American
landscape
• Spiritual awakenings and revivals
• Buildings were designed in Greek and Roman styles
to reflect democratic and republican ideals
• State-funded public education