Download The Atlantic World 1492 – 1800

The Atlantic World
1492 – 1800
Chapter 19 Section 1
Chapter 20 Section 1-4
Objectives
 Explain the roles of explorers and
conquistadors; include Vasco da
Gama, Christopher Columbus,
Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook,
and Samuel de Champlain.
 Define the Columbian Exchange and
its global economic and cultural
impact.
Overview
 Starting in 1492, Span builds a large
empire in the Americas
 The Dutch, English, and French fight for
control of North America
 Contact between the Old World and New
produced an exchange of ideas
 What’s this known as??
Europeans Explore the
East
 Motivations for exploration
 God
 Desire to spread Christianity
 Glory
 Gold
 Seeking new trade routes
 Technology makes exploration possible
 Shipbuilders designed a new vessel – the carvel
 Astrolabe
 Compass
Bartolomeu Dias
 Portuguese explorer
 Explored because he
wanted to serve God
and his king
 The first European to
lead a 1487 voyage
around the Cape of
Good Hope on the
Southern most tip of
South Africa
Prince Henry
 Son of Portugal’s
king
 Supporter of
exploration
 Wanted gold and
other treasures and
spread Christianity
 Founded the
navigation school
Vasco da Gama
 Portuguese explorer
 In 1497, began
exploring the east
African Coast
 In 1498, he reached
India
 First explorer to leave
Europe and directly
sail to India
Trading Empires in the
Indian Ocean
 Portugal is the first European nation to
set up a trading empire
 Dutch East India Company and East
India Company (England)
 Power to mint money, make treaties, and
even raise their own armies
 Dutch will eventually drive out the English
 England focuses on India
Spain builds an empire
 1492, Christopher
Columbus sailed to
America
 Intended to reach
Asia
 Claimed land for
Spain
 Sent another voyage
to form colonies
Spain builds an empire
 1500, Portuguese explorer lands in Brazil
 1501, Amerigo Vespucci explored
eastern coast of South America
 Discovered that these lands were not Asia
but a new world
 Soon afterwards, a mapmaker showed the
lands as a separate continent
 Named America after Vespucci
Spain builds an empire
 Explorer reached west
coast of Central America
and first saw the Pacific
Ocean
 Ferdinand Magellan
 Sailed completely around
the world
 Died halfway around but a
few members of his crew
survived
 Returned to Spain after
almost three years of
sailing
Spain builds an empire
 Spanish conquistadors began to explore
Americas
 1519, Hernando Cortes came to Mexico
 Defeated Aztec empire
 Spanish had advantages of rifles and cannons
 Also, several native groups helped Spanish
 Aztecs were also weakened by diseases
 Native peoples were not resistant to measles,
mumps, and smallpox
Spain builds an empire
 Francisco Pizarro
 Conquered Inca empire
 Spanish gained access to gold and silver
 Mid-1500s, Spain had formed a large American
empire that stretched from Mexico to Peru
 Brazil was in possession of Portugal(Treaty of
Tordesiallas)
 Colonists there build plantations to grow sugar
Spain builds an empire
 Lived among the people they conquered
 Spanish men had children with natives women
 Formed a large mestizo population
 Formed large farms and mines
 Used slave labor
 Many landowners treated natives harshly
 By 1542, Spanish stopped making slaves of native peoples
 Began to bring enslaved Africans to Americas
European nations settle
North America
 1500, French began to explore North America
 Jacques Cartier
 Named St. Lawrence River
 Reached site of modern Montreal
 Samuel de Champlain
 Sailed as far as Quebec in 1608
 French continued to explore the areas around the
Great Lake and Mississippi River
 Made it to the Gulf of Mexico
 Became known as New France
 Main activity was trade in beaver fur
European nations settle
North America
 English
 1st permanent
settlement –
Jamestown
 Many colonists died
from disease, hunger,
or war with native
people
 Farmers began to
grow tobacco
European nations settle
North America
 Puritans
 Left England in 1620s and 1630s
 Settled in modern Massachusetts
 Deeply religious people who did not agree
with the practices of the Church
 Hoped to build a model community
dedicated to God
European nations settle
North America
 Caribbean
 Built sugar and tobacco plantations
 Used enslaved Africans as workers
 Began to fight for control of North
America
 French and Indian War
 Ended in 1763
 France was forced to give up all its land in North
America to Britain
Atlantic Slave Trade
 History
 In 600s, Muslims began taking slaves from
Africa
 Between 650 and 1600, more than 17 million
Africans were taken to North Africa and
Southwest Asia
 European slave trade began in 1500s
 Much larger
 Treated more harshly
Atlantic Slave Trade
 Reasons
 Natives were dying
from diseases
 Africans were
resistances to
European diseases
 Many knew about
farming
 Strangers to the land
Atlantic Slave Trade
 When the slave trade ended in 1870, 9.5
million Africans had been imported as
slaves
 Worked on sugar, tobacco, and coffee
plantations
 Many African rulers joined in slave trade
 Moved inland to capture people
Atlantic Slave Trade
 Triangular trade
 Linked Europe, Africa,
and the Americas
 European ships
brought manufactured
goods to Africa and
traded them for
people
 Africans were carried
to Americas
 Traders then brought
sugar, coffee,
tobacco, back to
Europe
Atlantic Slave Trade
 Middle Passage
 Part of the voyage that brought people to
Americas
 Harsh and cruel
 Crammed in ships, beaten, and given little
food
 Many died
 Others jumped trying to escape
Columbian Exchange
 Constant movement of people form
Europe and Africa to the Americas
 Large scale mixing of people and culture
Columbian Exchange
 Food
 Corn and potatoes taken to Europe
 Bananas, black-eyed peas
 Animals
 Cattles, pigs, and horses were brought to Americas
 New businesses
 Rise of capitalism
 Based on private ownership
 Joint-stock companies
 Investors pooled their money to start a new business and
share in profits
Columbian Exchange
 New Businesses
 Mercantilism
 Country’s wealth depended on its wealth
 Getting more gold and silver increased wealth
 Selling more goods would also increase wealth
Columbian Exchange
 Overall, European society saw changes
 Merchants grew wealthy and powerful
 Cities and towns grew larger
 Most people lived in the countryside and
farmed
 Very poor