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ISLAM

Re-cap yesterday’s mosque debate
 What
was the debate about?
 What were the two sides of the debate?

What is Islam?
THE MUSLIM WORLD

Emergence of Islam

Teachings of Islam

Achievements in the Muslim World
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: GEOGRAPHY

Arabian Peninsula (Southwestern Asia)

Today this area is known as Saudi Arabia
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: GEOGRAPHY

What do you see?

Sandstorms

Mostly desert

People settle mostly
at or near an oasis
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: MUHAMMAD

Muhammad
 Born
in 570 B.C.E. in Mecca (site of Hajj today)
 At about 40 years old, begins to experience visions
 Becomes the prophet of Islam
 “Recite!”
Message:
“One True God”
Allah
EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: HIJRA

Not everyone listened to Muhammad

Mecca at this time was a commercial center

Merchants live off of people coming to pray to the
traditional gods and idols
 Why
do you think merchants would have a problem with
Muhammad’s teachings?

Faced with threats of murder, Muhammad and
followers leave Mecca for Yathrib

This journey is known as the hijra
TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: MONOTHEISM

Arabian Peninsula at this time
 Clan-based
society
 Worship Gods and idols

Monotheism
 Very
new to area
 Threatened society
TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: QURAN

The Quran
Sacred word of God (through Muhammad)
 In Arabic, it is the direct and unchangeable word of God
 All followers learn Arabic

 How
do you think this has helped
unite Muslims from different places?

Ethical teachings
Honesty, generosity, social justice
 Complete guide to living a good life
 Final authority on all matters

TEACHINGS OF ISLAM: PEOPLE OF THE BOOK

Monotheism was not new to everyone
 Judaism
and Christianity = the People of the Book
Shared beliefs:
• One God
• Adam and Eve
• Abraham
• Word of God

Differences:
• Torah and Bible only
partial revelation
• God has no son
Muhammad taught tolerance

In general, People of the Book enjoy religious freedom
TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH

Five pillars of Islam are the foundation of Muslim faith

Just as video showed, not all Muslims know all 5
1. Shahadah (The Testimony of Faith)
 What is a testimony? What does it mean to testify in
court?
 “la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadun rasoolu Allah.”
 These are the only words you have to say with
conviction to become Muslim
 There is no God besides Allah
 None has the right to be worshipped besides him
 God has no partner
 God has no son
TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH
2. Salah (Prayer)
 Pray five times a day
 As many as you can – some more, some less
 This brings a direct link between the worshipper
and Allah.
3. Zakat (Charity)
 Give as much as you can
 Give of yourself through good deeds
TEACHINGS: FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH
4. Saum (Fasting)
 During
the month of Ramadan all Muslims fast
from sunrise until sunset abstaining from food and
drink
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
 Travel
to Mecca at one time in your life if you can
What do you see?
ACHIEVEMENT
Trade
 Art and Humanities
 Literature and Writing
 Mathematics
 Music
 Science and Medicine

ACHIEVEMENT: TRADE

Trade was an integral part of the Muslim world
 Merchants
were honored
 Muhammad
 Trade
was a merchant
Spreads products and technology
 Manufacturing
 Artisans

produce wealth of fine goods
Guess what?! Trade = Peace and Prosperity =
Innovation
ACHIEVEMENT: TRADE

Trade expands
 Camel
caravans “ships of the desert”
 Travel the Silk Road
ACHIEVEMENT: ART

Many works of art are rich in history
and beauty

Interwoven with beautiful stories
One Thousand Arabian Nights
Late one night I was suddenly awakened by a rustling noise
outside my window. Through a space in the blinds, I saw a large
rectangular carpet hovering above the willow tree. I opened the
window, and the carpet …
What does this remind you of?
ACHIEVEMENT: ARCHITECTURE

Mosques

Minarets
ACHIEVEMENT: SCIENCE AND MEDICINE

Astronomy
 Navigation

Pharmacology

Anatomy

Medical Practices
ACHIEVEMENT: LITERATURE AND WRITING

Arabic

Importance to faith

Poetry

Calligraphy

Largest library of time-Baghdad

Knowledge
ACHIEVEMENT: MATH

Arabic Numerals

Pioneered the study of algebra

Geometry is vital to Muslim
culture
ACHIEVEMENT: MUSIC

New instruments

Dancing

Important for prayer services

Songs tell tales and religious teachings
YOUR MISSION!

Museum Exhibit
Achievements in the Muslim World
 Pick 1 category you are interested in
 Sign up TODAY
 Research tomorrow and Friday
 DUE Tuesday, November 30th

 Tuesday
after Thanksgiving Break
YOUR MISSION!
Museum Exhibit
 Requirements:

 One
artifact from the Muslim world
 One paragraph describing the what, where, when,
who, how and WHY
 WHY
question is most important (and is your reflection):
Why was your artifact important in history?
 Why is your artifact important in our world today?


Museum Exhibit Day Wednesday, December 1
YOUR MISSION!

Museum Exhibit
Achievements in the Muslim World
 Pick 1 category you are interested in
 Sign up TODAY
 Research tomorrow and Friday
 DUE Tuesday, November 30th

 Tuesday
after Thanksgiving Break
TODAY

5 minute warm-up quiz

Questions and answers about the spread of
Islam

Sunni-Shi’a Divide

Reminder: Museum Exhibits DUE TOMORROW

Reminder: Exam and Study Guide THURSDAY
5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ
1.
Where was Muhammad born?
a. Medina
b. Oasis
c. Mecca
d. Yathrib
5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ
2.
Which of the following is NOT a message that
Muhammad preached to his followers?
a. Treat each other well.
b. You will be judged by God in the next life.
c. There is only one God.
d. The poor should be ignored.
5 MINUTE WARM-UP QUIZ
3.
All of the following are reasons that
Muhammad was seen as a threat to the
stability of society in Mecca EXCEPT:
a. His message was embraced by the wealthy.
b. His followers were those with little to lose: the
poor, enslaved and women.
c. His belief in one God threatened those who
profited from the worship of idols.
d. His teachings encouraged equality for all.
ISLAM: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

What happened after Muhammad?

How did the Islamic empire spread?

What were the impacts of the spread?

What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?
ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD

What happened after Muhammad?
 Muhammad
 Many
had united Arab tribes
worried that Islam would
disappear without him
ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD

What happened after Muhammad?
 Abu
Bakr
Early follower of Muhammad
 Early convert to Islam
 Becomes the first caliph
 “If you worship Muhammad, Muhammad is dead. If
you worship God, God is alive.”
 Reunites Arab tribes based on allegiance to religion

 Spread
of Islam into the Islamic empire
ISLAM: EMPIRE

How did the Islamic empire spread?
ISLAM: EMPIRE
How did the Islamic empire spread?
 ENTER MAP HERE

ISLAM: EMPIRE
How did the Islamic empire spread?
 ENTER MAP HERE

ISLAM: EMPIRE

How did the Islamic empire spread?
 Spread
happens very quickly…but WHY?
 Some

welcomed as liberators
Generally, non-Muslims allowed to practice own faith

Taxation on non-Muslims
 Fighting
methods
 Common
faith
Message of faith is attractive
 Five Pillars
 Language
 Promise of paradise for falling in battle or jihad

IMPACTS OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE

What were the impacts of the spread?
 Political
 Sharia
Law
 Division into Sunni, Shiite, Sufi
 Social
 Women
– confirmed their spiritual equality
 Veiling and seclusion – based on
Persian and Byzantine traditions
of upper-class women

Hijab and Niqab
IMPACTS OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE

What were the impacts of the spread?
 Economic
 Trade
 Baghdad’s
splendor
 Abbasid Golden Age
 Religion
 Adopted
by many when Christianity is becoming very
powerful
 Jerusalem and Constantinople
ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE

What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?
 Muhammad
 Sunni
dies without leaving a successor
beliefs:
 Caliph
should be chosen by Muslim leaders
 Caliph is not a religious authority
 Shi’a/Shiite
 Only
beliefs:
true successors are descendents of Muhammad’s
daughter and son-in-law Fatima and Ali
 Divine inspiration of descendants
ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE

What does the divide mean today?
 80%-90%
of Muslims are Sunni
 Issues of minority and majority in the Middle East
 Violence
 Political unrest
 Example:
Iraq
ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE
Is peace possible for these groups? What are their similarities and differences?