Download Earths` Surface was formed from a variety of geologic processes

Earths’ Surface was formed from a variety of geologic processes
Process/Landform
Constructive Force
Destructive Force
Mechanical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Definition
processes that build up
Earth's crust, create
new landforms, or add
sediment to existing
areas of land
processes that break
down rocks and
landforms and carry
sediment away
Breakdown of rock into
smaller pieces by
PHYSICAL means
Ex: Ice, wind, water,
gravity, plants, animals
The process by which
rocks break down as a
result of CHEMICAL
reactions
Ex: Water, Acid
Precipitation,
groundwater acid, acid
in living things, air
Picture
Name: _____________________________
What could affect its formation
Name: _____________________________
Erosion
The process by which
soil and sediment is
transported from one
location to another
Deposition
The process by which
sediments are released
(dropped)
Agents responsible for
Weathering, Erosion,
and Deposition
Running Water
(Streams and Rivers)
Moving Ice (Glaciers)
Ocean Waves
Wind
Mass Wasting (Huge
amounts of
rock/sediment moving
downhill)
Erosion starts upstream
and deposition happens
downstream
Sediment is smooth
because of weathering
(water rolling over the
sediment)
Young rivers have faster
erosion
Mature Rivers have
more deposition
Deposition happens
mostly at mouth of
ocean/lake and inside
bends of rivers/streams
Streams and Rivers
Name: _____________________________
Faster Erosion
More Deposition
Floodplains
A nearly flat expanse of
land that stretches from
the banks of a slow,
meandering river
Glacial Erosion
Glacier - a large body of
snow and ice that forms
on land and does not
melt annually
Creates U shaped
valleys
Smooth bedrock
beneath and on sides of
valley
Rocks trapped in glacier
cut lines into bedrock
deposit of sediment that
forms at the edge of a
glacier as it pauses
Moraines –
Name: _____________________________
Till -
Sediment directly
deposited by glacial ice
as it melts
Drumlins -
Hills molded from till by
glaciers moving over it
Outwash Plains -
Broad, flat area in front
of a glacier where large
amounts of sediment
are deposited by
glacial melt water
Kettles –
Large depression left
when ice melts
Kettle lakes form when
water wills the
depression
Erratic -
a rock or boulder that
differs from the
surrounding rock and is
believed to have been
brought from a distance
by glacial action
Name: _____________________________
Eskers -
A long, narrow, winding
ridge composed of sand
and gravel deposited by
a glacier
Cliffs -
A vertical, or near
vertical, rock exposure
Sea Stacks -
landform consisting of a
steep and often vertical
column or columns of
rock in the sea near a
coast
Beach -
Sand is deposited by
waves
Name: _____________________________
Spits -
A depositional
landform found
off coasts where at one
end, spits connect to
land, and
extend into the water
Barrier Islands -
a coastal landform and a
type of barrier system,
are exceptionally flat
and lumpy areas of
sand, that are parallel to
the mainland coast
Wind
Weathering, erosion,
and deposition by wind
is common in:
Arid reqions with no
veggitation so sediment
is exposed.
Along costal regions
where wind is active
Deserts where
sandblasting occurs
A hill carved
from bedrock by the
dual action of wind
abrasion, from dust and
sand
Yardangs -
Dunes -
Hills formed by
deposition of sand
Along coasts and in
deserts
Name: _____________________________
Mass Wasting -
Materials such as rock
and sediment move
downhill because of
gravity
Threat to humans and
their property
Mass wasting can be:
Dry or wet
Slow or fast
Large chunks or small
particles
Avalanche -
a rapid flow of snow
down a sloping surface
Soil Creep -
the slow downward
progression
of rock and soil down a
low grade slope
Name: _____________________________
Mudslides -
a rapid movement of a
large mass
of mud formed from
loose dirt and water
Rockfall -
quantities of rock falling
freely from a cliff
Landslides -
the sudden movement
of large amounts of
loose soil, rocks, and
other materials as they
fall or slide downward
due to gravity