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Lesson 3.3 Making An Impact Understandings 1. Water plays a critical role in our daily lives; it should be used wisely and users should be conscientious about conserving water. 2. Environmental engineering focuses on developing a sustainable future, preventing pollution, and assessing the environmental impact of integrated waste management systems. 3. The seven steps of integrated waste management include reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, incineration that creates usable energy, landfills, and incineration with no usable energy created. 4. Engineers must consider a product’s life cycle when designing because every product has an impact on the environment. 5. Every individual impacts the environment through the choices they make in energy consumption and garbage disposal. 6. Using energy efficiently will reduce the need for new power plants and utility infrastructure and will reduce the need to burn fossil fuels to produce energy, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. 7. Heat transfer occurs through conduction, convection, and radiation. Knowledge and Skills It is expected that students will: • • • • • • • • Calculate daily water consumption for a building such as a home or school and recommend water conservation strategies. Identify ways that individuals can reduce the effect on the environment through their energy choices and garbage disposal. Identify how STEM professionals are involved in integrated waste management and other environmental careers. Understand the difference between energy conservation and energy efficiency and be able to calculate both. Differentiate between conduction, convection, and radiation as forms of energy transfer. Compare the temperature of different materials to determine which are better at preventing heat transfer. Design an experiment to investigate the prevention of heat transfer. Evaluate a design to reduce heat transfer by weighing the amount of ice remaining; propose improvements for the design. Essential Questions 1. How much water does an average household consume in a day? © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.3 Making an Impact – Page 1 2. How does an individual person make an impact on the environment? 3. How much of our trash can be discarded in a more environmentally friendly way? 4. What impact does climate change have on us and how can you and your family reduce the amount of energy that you consume? 5. Where do you take items such as tires, ink cartridges, or electronics to be recycled? Key Terms Audit Biodegradable A methodical examination and review. Items that can easily degrade by natural processes such as exposure to sun and water or the action of bacteria or fungi. By-Product A product from a manufacturing process that is not considered the principal material. Climate Change Any significant change in measures of climate, such as temperature, precipitation, or wind, lasting for an extended period of a decade or longer. Compost The conversion of dead vegetation into useful soil through the process of decay. Conduction The movement of heat through a solid material or between two solid materials that touch each other. Convection The way in which heat travels by movement or circulation within liquids or gases. Warmer masses of fluid usually rise while cooler masses usually sink. Energy Conservation Reduction in the amount of energy consumed in a process or system, or by an organization or society, through economy, elimination of waste, and rational use. (e.g. turning lights out when you leave the room) Energy Efficiency Long term energy reduction due to the installation of efficient building materials, equipment and appliances. Heat The transfer of thermal energy. Incinerate To destroy by burning. Insulation A material used to prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound. Integrated Waste Employing several waste control and disposal methods such as Management source reduction, recycling, re-use, incineration, and landfills to minimize the environmental impact of residential, commercial and industrial waste streams. Landfill Disposal of solid waste by burying in layers of the earth in low ground. Organic Materials Materials with carbon-based structures that originate from or relate to living organisms. Pollution A contaminant to the environment, especially human-made waste. © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.3 Making an Impact – Page 2 Product Life Cycle The stages a product goes through, including obtaining raw materials, processing, manufacturing, packaging, transporting, using, and disposing or recycling. Radiation The way in which heat travels through air in the form of electromagnetic waves. Raw Material A material that is human-made or is from natural resources that is used to produce a product. Recycle The process of making new products from materials that were used in another product. Reduce To decrease the amount of products purchased or produced with the intent of minimizing waste. Reuse The process of reusing a product so the product’s life does not end; instead, it becomes a continuous cycle. Solid Waste Garbage and other waste. Sustainable Engineering that focuses on the development of a sustainable Engineering future through renewable energy, wise use of natural resources, recycling, and assessment of environmental impact. Temperature The degree or intensity of average thermal energy present in one location of a substance or object. Thermal Energy Energy created by friction between vibrating atoms and molecules. Trash Waste material; refuse. Waste-to-Energy Plant A plant that shreds and burns waste. The heat energy is then used to produce electricity for industrial processes. Instructional Resources Presentations What is a Life Cycle? Integrated Waste Management Word Documents Activity 3.3.1 Water Audit Activity 3.3.2 Product Life Cycle Activity 3.3.3 I Made A Difference Activity 3.3.4 Recycle City Activity 3.3.5 Heat Transfer Pre-Assessment Activity 3.3.6 Heat Transfer Project 3.3.7 Penguin Dwellings Design Brief Template Decision Matrix Template Design Process Solution Activity 3.3.8 Heat Transfer Post-Assessment © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.3 Making an Impact – Page 3 Lesson 3.3 Key Terms Crossword Rubrics and Templates Project 3.3.7 Penguin Dwelling Grading Rubric Gateway Notebook Grading Rubric Activity 3.3.6 Cans Spreadsheet Activity 3.3.6 House Spreadsheet Activity 3.3.7 Penguin Dwelling Price Sheet Reference Sources Baine, C. (2008). Environmental engineering teacher’s guide. Pittsburg, KS: Pitsco, Inc. Baine, C. (2008). Sustainable energy engineering. Pittsburg, KS: Pitsco, Inc. Earth Buddies. (2007). What’s up with trash? Retrieved May 26, 2009, from http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00442/wu3rs.htm. Hacker, M., Burghardt, D., Fletcher, L., Gordon, A., Peruzzi, W., Prestopnik, R., & Qaissaunee, M. (2010). Engineering and technology. Clifton Park, NY: Cengage. International Technology Education Association, (2000). Standards for technological literacy. Reston, VA: ITEA. Litowitz, L. & Brown, R. (2007). Energy, power and transportation technology. Tinley Park, IL: The Goodheart-Wilcox Company, Inc. National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and International Reading Association (IRA) (1996). Standards for the English language arts. Newark, DE: IRA; Urbana, IL: NCTE. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Education Programs (NREL). (2009). Renewable energy activities – choices for tomorrow. Retrieved May 26, 2009, from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy01/30927.pdf. National Research Council (NRC). (1996). National science education standards. Washington, D. C.: National Academy Press. Publishers National Environment Bureau. (2004). Newspaper and magazine recycling. Retrieved May 26, 2009, from http://www.pneb.com.au/recycling.html Rogers, G., Wright, M., & Yates, B. (2010). Gateway to engineering. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). (2009). Education and safety. Retrieved April 8, 2009, from http://www.smud.org/en/educationsafety/Pages/index.aspx. © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.3 Making an Impact – Page 4 Schnittka, C. Ph.D., in association with the Virginia Middle School Engineering Education Initiative. (2009). Save the penguins engineering teaching kit. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2009). Climate change. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ © 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc. PLTW Gateway – Energy and the Environment Lesson 3.3 Making an Impact – Page 5