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Transcript
Infection Control Policy
Policy: This facility will facilitate safe care of all residents and staff with known or suspected
communicable disease by establishing and maintaining an infection prevention and control
program designed to provide a safe, sanitary, and comfortable environment and to help
prevent the development and transmission of communicable diseases and infections. This
policy applies to all staff members from all departments of this facility, residents residing in the
facility, visitors of facility, volunteers of facility, contracted and vendors of facility. The Infection
Prevention and Control Program will follow accepted national standards and is based on facility
assessment and includes prevention, identification, reporting, investigation and controlling
infections and communicable disease for all residents, staff, volunteers, visitors and other
individuals providing services under a contractual arrangement. The Infection Control Program
includes surveillance, investigation, controlling and preventing infections in the facility including
appropriate immunizations; appropriate reporting of infectious incidents; standard and
transmission-based precautions to prevent spread of infections; development of procedures
such as isolation to be applied to an individual resident; circumstances to prohibit employees
with communicable disease or other infectious state from direct contact with residents or food;
hand hygiene for staff involved in direct resident contact; and maintaining a record of incidents
and corrective actions related to infections.
Procedures:
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The function of the Infection Control Program includes but is not limited to:
o A system of surveillance designed to identify possible communicable diseases or
infection before they can spread to other persons in the facility
o When and to whom possible incidents of communicable disease or infections should be
reported
o Standard and transmission-based precautions to be followed to prevent spread of
infections
o When and how isolation should be used for a resident including but not limited to:
 Type and duration of isolation depending on infectious agent or organism
involved
 Requirement that isolation should be least restrictive possible for resident under
circumstances
o Circumstances under which facility must prohibit employees with a communicable
disease or infected skin lesion(s) from direct contact with residents or food, of direct
contact will transmit disease
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o Hand hygiene procedures to be followed by staff involved in direct resident contact
This facility is committed to follow an antibiotic stewardship program based on Center for
Disease Control Antibiotic Stewardship program that includes antibiotic use protocols and
a system to monitor antibiotic use through the facility surveillance protocols including but
not limited to:
o Commitment to implementation of antibiotic stewardship activities including but not
limited to:
 Leadership support through
 This written and approved policy statement in support of improvement of
antibiotic use
 Support of antibiotic stewardship duties included in Medical Director
position description
 Antibiotic stewardship duties included in Director of Nursing position
description
 Leadership monitoring of antibiotic stewardship policies
 Antibiotic use and resistance data reviewed in each quality assurance
meeting
 Accountability
 The following position(s) are responsible for accountability for antibiotic
stewardship activities:
 Medical Director
 Director of Nursing/designee
 Consultant pharmacist
 Reviews antibiotic courses for appropriateness of administration
and/or indication
 Establishes standards for clinical/laboratory monitoring for adverse
drug events from antibiotic use
 Reviews microbiology culture data to assess and guide antibiotic
selection
 Monitoring antibiotic prescribing, use and resistance
 The facility monitors, tracks and trends of antibiotic use including:
 Adherence to clinical assessment documentation including
signs/symptoms, vital signs, and physical assessment findings
 Adherence to prescribing documentation including dose, duration,
indication
 Adherence to facility-specific treatment recommendations
 Point prevalence surveys of antibiotic use
 Monitor rates of new antibiotic starts
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 Monitor antibiotic days of therapy
 Outcomes of antibiotic use
 Monitors rates of C.difficile infections
 Monitors rates of antibiotic-resistant organisms
 Rates of adverse drug events due to antibiotics
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Reporting to staff on improving antibiotic use and resistance
 Facility provides facility-specific reports on antibiotic use and outcomes with
clinical providers and nursing staff
 Measures of antibiotic use at facility
 Measures of outcomes related to antibiotic use
 Report of facility antibiotic susceptibility patterns within last eighteen
(18) months
 Personalized feedback on antibiotic prescribing practices to clinical
providers
Education
 Clinical providers
 Nursing staff
 Residents, representatives, family members
Drug expertise
 The following position(s) will be accessible to staff members relating to
antibiotic stewardship:
 Consultant pharmacist has staff trained and experienced in antibiotic
stewardship
 Partnering with stewardship team at referral hospital
 External infectious disease/stewardship consultants at local and/or state
levels
Inclusion of Antibiotic Stewardship review by the multidisciplinary team during
each Quality Assurance Performance Improvement Committee meeting
Requirement of prescribers to document a dose, duration and indication for all
antibiotic prescriptions
Development and implementation of facility-specific assessment of tracking and
trending of infections in facility
Development and implementation of facility-specific assessment of tracking and
trending of diagnostic testing (obtaining cultures or radiology testing for specific
infections
Development and implementation of facility-specific treatment recommendation
for infections
Reviews of antibiotic agents ordered in facility
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All practitioners and extenders will be encouraged to follow standard of practice
for ordering antibiotic treatment for symptoms including but not limited to
McGeer Criteria for urinary tract infections
o Utilization of assessment and communication tools for residents suspected of having an
infection
o Implementation of process for communicating or receiving antibiotic use information
when residents are transferred to/from other healthcare facilities
o Development of reports summarizing antibiotic susceptibility patterns
o Implementation of antibiotic review process/”antibiotic time out”
o Implementation of specific interventions to improve antibiotic use
 The infection control prevention and control program and antibiotic stewardship program
is a function of the multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary team including but not limited to:
o Medical Director
o Director of Nursing
o Infection Control Preventionist or designee
o Administrator
o Consultant Pharmacist
 This facility will follow all State and local Health Department and CDC reporting
requirements
o Reportable Diseases in this State include: (* indicates required telephone report within
4 hours of suspect or confirmed cases) (** indicates isolates must be sent to state
health department)
 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
 Amebiasis
 * Anthrax
 Arboviral disease (including West Nile virus, Western Equine encephalitis and St.
Louis encephalitis-indicate virus whenever possible)
 *Botulism
 Brucellosis
 Campylobacter infections
 Chancroid
 Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection
 *Cholera
 Cryptosporidiosis
 Cyclospora infection
 Diphtheria
 Ehrlichiosis
 **Escherichia coli and other shiga-toxin producing E. coli
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Giardiasis
Gonorrhea
Haemophilus influenza
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Hemolytic uremic syndrome, postdiarrheal
Hepatitis, viral (acute and chronic)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (includes Viral Load Tests)
Legioinellosis
Leprosy (Hansen disease)
Listeriosis
Lyme disease
Malaria
*Measles (rubeola)
*Meningitis, bacterial
* **Meningococcemia
*Mumps
*Pertussis (whooping cough)
*Plague (Yersinia pestis)
*Poliomyelitis
Psittacosis
*Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
*Rabies, human and animal
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
*Rubella including congenital rubella syndrome
**Salmonellosis including typhoid fever
* **Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
**Shigellosis
*Smallpox
**Streptococcal invasive, drug-resistant disease from Group A Streptococcus or
Streptococcus pneumonia
Syphilis including congenital syphilis
Tetanus
Toxic shock syndrome, streptococcal and staphylococcal
Transmissible Spongioform Encephalopathy (TSE) or prion disease including CJD
Trichinosis
* **Tuberculosis, active disease
Tuberculosis, latent infection
Tularemia
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 Varicella (chickenpox)
 *Viral hemorrhagic fever
 Yellow fever
 The CDC Infection Control Assessment Tool for Long-term Care Facilities will be completed
on an annual basis by the Infection Control Preventionist or designee and will be reported
to the Quality Assurance Performance Improvement team for analysis of tracking and
trending and development of correction action plans for issues of risk identified during the
analysis of the tool findings
o The Facility Assessment required review of diseases/diagnoses related to infection
prevention, equipment and services related to infection control including but not
limited to staff practices and environmental practices
 The Infection control program will include surveillance and investigation to prevent, to the
extent possible, the onset and spread of infection using records of infection incidents to
improve the program processes and outcomes by taking corrective actions as indicated
o Surveillance is taken to mean the regular collection, collation and analysis of
information on infection events and rates and the timely reporting of collected
information
o The Infection Control Preventionist is responsible for overseeing the Infection Control
program including but not limited to surveillance of infections and tracking and
trending infections in the facility and will:
 Have primary professional training in nursing, medical technology, microbiology,
epidemiology or other related field
 Be qualified by education, training, experience or certification
 Work at least part-time at facility
 Have completed specialized training in infection prevention and control
 Participate on Quality Assurance Performance Improvement committee on a
regular basis including:
 Surveillance
 Tracking and data collection analysis
 Develop action plans based on root cause analysis
 Develop and monitor best practices and clinical standards
o Surveillance includes but is not limited to:
 Resident name
 Neighborhood/unit
 Admission date
 Infection onset date
 Site of infection
 Infection related to diagnosis
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If Culture ordered and completed and if so, result
If X-Ray ordered and if so, date and result
Organism(s) identified through culture
Antibiotic ordered
 Review of sensitivity with report if identified organism sensitive to ordered
antibiotic
 Duration of antibiotic order
 Isolation procedures implemented per policy
 Health care acquired infection or community acquired infection
 Date of re-culture
 Date infection considered resolved
 Monthly analysis of tracking and trending including action plan based on findings
of surveillance
This facility has developed a system for recording incidents identified by the Infection
Control Program and includes corrective actions taken by the facility
o Based on identified surveillance, a root cause analysis will be conducted for every
infection/outbreak with identified performance improvement actions
o Annually the facility Infection Control Committee will an Infection Control Risk
Assessment based on findings from review of Infection Control activity in facility
 The assessment will be updated annually and as necessary based on risk
assessment and community/national standards
Education and training of staff:
o All facility staff will be educated on the facility Infection Control Program during New
Employee Orientation and at least annually or at any time deemed necessary by any
supervisor
o Training of staff will be determined by annual staff performance evaluations
o Training of staff will be determined by tracking and trending of infections within the
facility
o Training of residents, representatives and family members and visitors will occur with
each incidence of infection
Standard Precautions which include Universal Precautions will be used in the care of all
residents
Residents with known or suspected communicable diseases will be placed in the
appropriate, least restrictive type of isolation precautions consistent with Center for
Disease Center recommendations and guidelines and with the order of the primary care
physician or physician extender
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o If a physician’s order for isolation does not accompany the resident to the facility as
indicated, nursing personnel will initiate isolation precautions and a physician’s order
for isolation will be obtained at the earliest possible time
o Nursing personnel may initiate the least restrictive isolation precautions for residents
whose infectious disease(s) are detected by laboratory results including residents with
positive cultures for resistive microorganisms
 A physician’s order for isolation will be obtained at the earliest possible time
o Isolation equipment and supplies will be available at all times in the facility
o All staff including physicians, nursing staff, social service and activity staff, volunteers,
employees of dietary services, environmental services, laundry services, contracted
providers and all other facility employees are responsible for complying with isolation
precautions and for tactfully calling observed variances to policy to the attention of
any person(s) not following the policy
o Upon discharge, all unused disposable items will be discarded
 All non-disposable items including furnishings will be cleaned with an EPAapproved sanitizer that has been approved by the manufacturer of the product to
effectively kill the identified microorganism
 Terminal cleaning of the room and furnishings will includ following all
manufacturer recommendations for surface contact time for efficacy of
sanitization
o Nursing responsibilities include:
 The Infection Control Preventionist/designee will be notified immediately by
nursing staff when a resident is placed in isolation and when isolation is
discontinued
o If a resident is to be transported to another location, nursing staff will notify the
receiving destination and the transportation staff responsible for the transport that
the resident is on a particular type of isolation precautions
 The resident’s clinical record and door will display the appropriate isolation
notification by nursing staff
 At no time, will any signage on the door or any information accessible to view of
any person reveal any protected health information
 Signage will refer viewers to the nurse to inquire about procedures to be followed
o Nursing staff will instruct the resident and visitors about precautions to follow while
visiting or attending to the resident in isolation
o All residents in any type of isolation will be reviewed daily by the nurse in charge to
determine the need for any change in isolation status or for discontinuing isolation
o Assessment findings will be documented in the resident’s clinical record
o Environmental Services responsibilities include:
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During transport of a resident in isolation, the most direct routes to the
destination will be taken
 All transports of residents in isolation will be single transports
 No other resident will be transported in the same vehicle at the same time
and appropriate and thorough and comprehensive cleaning of all transport
vehicles/devices will be performed and documented after completion of the
transport using EPA-approved sanitizing agents approved for the specific
microorganism identified
 During transport services, the person responsible for the transport will avoid
contact with staff members and visitors as much as possible
 All wheelchairs, and other assistive devices will be cleaned thoroughly with an
EPA-approved sanitizing agent approved for the specific microorganism identified
after use for a resident on isolation precautions and prior to returning the
wheelchair/assistive device to service
 Cleaning of the wheelchair/assistive device will include the seat, arm rest,
back rest, foot pedals, and wheels/hand grips of the device
 All metal portions of the wheelchair/assistive device will be inspected for
contamination with blood and/or other body fluids and once removed,
all surfaces decontaminated with the appropriate sanitizing solution
 All cleaning procedures will be documented on a cleaning log maintained
in the Environmental Service office
o Resident responsibilities include:
 In the event a resident is non-compliant with the isolation precautions, the
following steps will be implemented:
 The nurse and/or physician will thoroughly explain the isolation precautions
to the resident and/or Responsible Party and will encourage the resident’s
compliance with the precautions
 The nurse and/or physician will document the education provided in the
resident’s clinical record
 If the resident continues with non-compliance, the Social Worker will
schedule a Care Plan meeting/Family meeting as soon as possible, within 24
hours of the non-compliance to create a plan of action
 At a minimum, the resident, the resident’s representative, the resident’s
Primary Care Physician, nurse, Social Worker, and Infection Control
Preventionist will be in attendance
 The Care Plan will be amended to address the resident’s non-compliance
along with negotiated interventions to maintain the resident’s safety
and highest level of quality of care and quality of life AND the safety of
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the other residents in the facility and staff members caring for the
resident
 The physician and resident/representative will document information and
sign an Informed Consent related to the non-compliance and projected
adverse effects of non-compliance
 At no time, will the resident be allowed to place other residents, staff,
volunteers or visitors in jeopardy related to non-compliance
 The Interdisciplinary Care Plan team will review the effectiveness of the care
plan interventions on a weekly basis and findings will be documented by the
nurse in the resident’s clinical record
Isolation Precautions
o Airborne Precautions
 Airborne Precautions will be used for residents with known or suspected to be
infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
 CARE PLAN
 Immediately upon implementation of isolation precautions, add specific
intervention instructions for staff to follow related to the isolation
techniques implemented
 PRIVATE ROOM-necessary for all residents with Airborne Precautions
 If private room is not available, place the resident in a room with a
resident with an infection of the same microorganism with no other
infection (cohorting)
 If cohorting is not achievable, consult the Medical Director and local
county health infection control practitioners for direction.
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
 A particulate respiratory mask will be worn when entering the room for
all residents with Airborne Precautions
 HANDS
 Hands will be washed with an antimicrobial soap before entering and
after leaving the room.
 All those entering room will wear clean, non-sterile gloves when entering
room
 GOWNS
 All those entering room will wear a disposable protective gown
 DOOR
 Keep door closed and the resident in the room
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 Post precautionary signage on door and identify isolation on clinical
record
 TRANSPORTATION OF RESIDENT
 Limit movement and transport of resident from room to essential
purposes only.
 If transport is necessary, place a surgical mask on the resident
o All Barrier Precautions
 All Barrier Precautions is a combination of Standard Precautions, Airborne and
Contact Precautions
 All Barrier Precautions will be implemented for residents known or suspected to
have an Emerging Infectious Disease (EID)
 All Barrier Precautions Include:
 PRIVATE ROOM
 Necessary for all residents in this category
 DOOR
 Keep room door closed and resident in room. Place signage on door
directing anyone wishing to enter to consult nursing staff prior to
entering for instructions
 FOOD TRAYS
 Residents will be served on disposable food trays including tray, plates,
glasses, cups, service ware
 ENSURE that all residents receive choices of menu selection consistent
with facility dining procedures for all residents residing in facility
 SPECIMENS
 Label with “All Barrier Precautions” on specimen label
 Specimens will be double-bagged at the door
 The person on the outside of the door must wear gloves, gown & mask
 TRASH AND LINEN
 Trash and linen will be double-bagged at the resident’s door
 Linen will be double-bagged into a color-coded bag.
 The person on the outside of the door must wear gloves, gown & mask
 PERSONAL ITEMS
 All rings, piercings, watches, bracelets, pagers, cell phones or any other
personal items should be removed prior to donning personal protective
equipment (PPE)
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
 Any person entering the room will wear protective mask
 PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR
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 Wear protective eyewear when entering room
 FACESHIELD
 Wear face-shield over mask when performing any suctioning or exposed
to any respiratory secretions
 GLOVES
 Wear clean, non-sterile gloves when entering room
 GOWNS
 Wear gown when entering room
 HANDS
 Wash with antimicrobial soap before entering and after leaving room
 TRANSPORT
 Limit the movement and transport of resident from room to essential
purposes only
 Resident will don a clean gown, wear a mask, perform hand hygiene &
will be covered with a clean sheet during transport
 Transport person will wear mask, facial protection, 2 gowns, and 2 pair
gloves
 Transport person will enter resident’s room to assist with transfer to
mobility device & just prior to moving resident out of room, will remove
one pair of gloves & the outer gown & discard in room
 RESIDENT-CARE EQUIPMENT
 Dedicate the use of resident-care equipment when possible
 If equipment must leave the resident’s room, a healthcare worker will
remove the equipment
 Healthcare worker will don a second pair of gloves and disinfect all
surfaces of the equipment with a hospital-grade disinfectant
approved for the identified microorganism
 The second pair of gloves will be removed and hands washed with
antiseptic soap and water
Donning PPE Order
 Don gown
 Don mask
 Don face protection
 Don gloves
 Ensure gown is secured behind the neck & with the tie behind the back
 Pull gloves up over gown sleeve cuffs
Order of Removal of PPE
 Remove gloves
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 Remove mask
 Remove gown
 Exit room and WASH HANDS, then remove mask THEN WASH HANDS AGAIN
o Influenza Precautions
 Influenza precautions is a combination of Standard Precautions, Droplet
Precautions, and Contact Precautions
 PRIVATE ROOM
 Necessary for all residents with diagnosed influenza
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
 Respiratory protection will be provided by mask
 GLOVES
 Wear gloves when entering room
 HANDS
 Wash hands with antimicrobial soap before entering and after leaving
room
 DOOR
 Keep door closed and resident in room and place instructional sign on
door instructing anyone wanting to enter to find nurse for instructions
 TRANSPORT
 Limit movement and transport of resident from room to essential
purposes only
 Resident will don clean gown
 Resident will don clean mask
 Resident will practice hand hygiene
 Resident will be covered with clean sheet during transport
 RESIDENT-CARE EQUIPMENT
 Dedicate use of resident-care equipment when possible
 If equipment must leave room, staff will remove equipment by donning
second pair of gloves and disinfect all surfaces of equipment with
sanitizing solution approved for identified microorganism
 Second pair of gloves will be removed and hands washed with antiseptic
soap and water
 Donning PPE Order
 Don gown
 Don mask
 Don gloves
 Ensure gown is secured behind neck and with tie behind back
 Pull gloves over gown sleeve cuffs
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Order of Removal of PPE
 Remove gloves
 Remove gown
 Exit room and
WASH HANDS then remove mask and WASH HANDS
AGAIN
o Droplet Precautions
 Droplet Precautions will be used for residents known or suspected to be infected
with microorganisms transmitted by droplets that can be generated by the
resident during coughing, sneezing, talking or during performance of coughinducing procedures
 Droplet Precautions include:
 PRIVATE ROOM
 Necessary for all residents in this category
 If private room not available
 Place the resident in a room with a resident who has an infection
with same microorganism unless otherwise recommended, but with
no other infection (cohorting)
 When cohorting is not achievable, maintain spatial separation of
greater than 3 feet between the infected resident and other
residents and visitors
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
 Don a mask prior to entering room
 DOOR
 May remain open but place precautionary sign on door directing visitors
to inquire with nurse about precautionary instructions
 HANDS
 Wash hands with antimicrobial soap before entering room and after
leaving room
 TRANSPORT
 Limit movement and transport of resident from room to essential
purposes only
 If transport is essential, resident to don mask prior to transport
 Mask is not necessary for transporter
o Contact Precautions
 Contact Precautions will be used for specified residents known to suspected to be
infected or colonized with microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct
contact with the resident (and or skin-to-skin contact that occurs when
performing resident-care activities that require touching the resident’s skin) or
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indirect contact (touching) with environmental surfaces or resident care items in
the resident’s environment
 PRIVATE ROOM
 Necessary for all residents in this category
 When private room not available place resident in room with an resident
with infection or who is colonized with the same microorganism but
with no other infection (Cohorting)
 If cohorting is not achievable, consultation with the resident’s Primary
Care Physician is necessary to determine appropriate placement
 GLOVES
 Wear clean, non-sterile gloves when entering room
 Remove soiled gloves, wash hands and change gloves after having
contact with infective material
 Remove gloves before leaving resident’s environment and wash hands
immediately with antimicrobial soap
 GOWNS
 Wear gown when entering room
 Remove gown before leaving resident’s environment
 After gown removal, ensure clothing does not contact potentially
contaminated environmental surfaces
 HANDS
 Wash with antimicrobial soap before entering room and after leaving
room
 DOOR
 Door may be open; place instructional sign on door directing inquiries to
nurse for specific instructions
 TRANSPORT
 Limit movement and transport of resident from the room to essential
purposes only
 If resident is transported, ensure precautions are maintained to minimize
risk of transmission of microorganisms to other residents and
contamination of environmental surfaces or equipment
 Transporters to wear gown and gloves during transport for transfers
 Hand hygiene should be performed with microbacterial soap
 RESIDENT-CARE EQUIPMENT
 When possible, dedicate use of non-critical resident-care equipment to a
single resident or cohort of patients infected or colonized with the
pathogen requiring precautions to avoid sharing between residents
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 If use of common equipment or items is unavoidable, adequately clean
and disinfect before use for any other resident with chemical agent
approved for use on the identified microorganism
Employee Infection Control
o All staff have a responsibility to ensure that the employee complies with the principles
of standard infection control precautions
o All staff have a responsibility to be aware of local and national policies, procedures and
campaigns related to standard infection control precautions
o All staff are responsible for following hand hygiene protocols of this facility and be able
to demonstrate competency in hand hygiene at least annually
o All staff have a responsibility to encourage residents, care givers, volunteers and
contracted staff to comply with the principles of standard infection control
precautions
o Report to the Charge Nurse any deficits in knowledge or other factors related to facility
equipment or infection control incidents that may have or has the potential to result
in cross contamination
o Staff are required to successfully attend all trainings provided related to infection
control including but not limited to prior to direct care with any resident during newemployee orientation and at least annually
o Report any illness which may be a result of occupational exposure including blood-borne
exposures and/or needle sticks or other sharp devices immediately
o Does not provide direct resident care while infectious including but not limited to:
 Acute gastrointestinal infections
 Acute poliomyelitis
 Blood-borne pathogens
 Active, infective HIV
 Hepatitis B
 Hepatitis C
 Conjunctivitis
 Diphtheria
 Hepatitis A
 Herpes simplex
 Influenza
 Measles
 Meningococcal disease
 Mumps
 Open, uncovered wounds
 Parvovirus
Infection Control Policy
F-Tags: F441, F520
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Persistent, unusual cough or rhinitis
Pertussis
Physician ordered work restrictions
Rabies
Respiratory syncytial virus
Rubella
Scabies and pediculosis
Smallpox
Staff aureus infections and carriage
Streptococcus group A infections
Tuberculosis
Uncontrolled diarrhea
Uncontrolled nausea and/or vomiting not related to pregnancy
Viral respiratory infections
Date Approved:
Approved By:
Related F-Tags:
F441, F520
Employees Responsible: All Staff
Infection Control Policy
F-Tags: F441, F520
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