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Infection Control Policy Policy: This facility will facilitate safe care of all residents and staff with known or suspected communicable disease by establishing and maintaining an infection prevention and control program designed to provide a safe, sanitary, and comfortable environment and to help prevent the development and transmission of communicable diseases and infections. This policy applies to all staff members from all departments of this facility, residents residing in the facility, visitors of facility, volunteers of facility, contracted and vendors of facility. The Infection Prevention and Control Program will follow accepted national standards and is based on facility assessment and includes prevention, identification, reporting, investigation and controlling infections and communicable disease for all residents, staff, volunteers, visitors and other individuals providing services under a contractual arrangement. The Infection Control Program includes surveillance, investigation, controlling and preventing infections in the facility including appropriate immunizations; appropriate reporting of infectious incidents; standard and transmission-based precautions to prevent spread of infections; development of procedures such as isolation to be applied to an individual resident; circumstances to prohibit employees with communicable disease or other infectious state from direct contact with residents or food; hand hygiene for staff involved in direct resident contact; and maintaining a record of incidents and corrective actions related to infections. Procedures: The function of the Infection Control Program includes but is not limited to: o A system of surveillance designed to identify possible communicable diseases or infection before they can spread to other persons in the facility o When and to whom possible incidents of communicable disease or infections should be reported o Standard and transmission-based precautions to be followed to prevent spread of infections o When and how isolation should be used for a resident including but not limited to: Type and duration of isolation depending on infectious agent or organism involved Requirement that isolation should be least restrictive possible for resident under circumstances o Circumstances under which facility must prohibit employees with a communicable disease or infected skin lesion(s) from direct contact with residents or food, of direct contact will transmit disease Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 1|Page o Hand hygiene procedures to be followed by staff involved in direct resident contact This facility is committed to follow an antibiotic stewardship program based on Center for Disease Control Antibiotic Stewardship program that includes antibiotic use protocols and a system to monitor antibiotic use through the facility surveillance protocols including but not limited to: o Commitment to implementation of antibiotic stewardship activities including but not limited to: Leadership support through This written and approved policy statement in support of improvement of antibiotic use Support of antibiotic stewardship duties included in Medical Director position description Antibiotic stewardship duties included in Director of Nursing position description Leadership monitoring of antibiotic stewardship policies Antibiotic use and resistance data reviewed in each quality assurance meeting Accountability The following position(s) are responsible for accountability for antibiotic stewardship activities: Medical Director Director of Nursing/designee Consultant pharmacist Reviews antibiotic courses for appropriateness of administration and/or indication Establishes standards for clinical/laboratory monitoring for adverse drug events from antibiotic use Reviews microbiology culture data to assess and guide antibiotic selection Monitoring antibiotic prescribing, use and resistance The facility monitors, tracks and trends of antibiotic use including: Adherence to clinical assessment documentation including signs/symptoms, vital signs, and physical assessment findings Adherence to prescribing documentation including dose, duration, indication Adherence to facility-specific treatment recommendations Point prevalence surveys of antibiotic use Monitor rates of new antibiotic starts Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 2|Page Monitor antibiotic days of therapy Outcomes of antibiotic use Monitors rates of C.difficile infections Monitors rates of antibiotic-resistant organisms Rates of adverse drug events due to antibiotics Reporting to staff on improving antibiotic use and resistance Facility provides facility-specific reports on antibiotic use and outcomes with clinical providers and nursing staff Measures of antibiotic use at facility Measures of outcomes related to antibiotic use Report of facility antibiotic susceptibility patterns within last eighteen (18) months Personalized feedback on antibiotic prescribing practices to clinical providers Education Clinical providers Nursing staff Residents, representatives, family members Drug expertise The following position(s) will be accessible to staff members relating to antibiotic stewardship: Consultant pharmacist has staff trained and experienced in antibiotic stewardship Partnering with stewardship team at referral hospital External infectious disease/stewardship consultants at local and/or state levels Inclusion of Antibiotic Stewardship review by the multidisciplinary team during each Quality Assurance Performance Improvement Committee meeting Requirement of prescribers to document a dose, duration and indication for all antibiotic prescriptions Development and implementation of facility-specific assessment of tracking and trending of infections in facility Development and implementation of facility-specific assessment of tracking and trending of diagnostic testing (obtaining cultures or radiology testing for specific infections Development and implementation of facility-specific treatment recommendation for infections Reviews of antibiotic agents ordered in facility Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 3|Page All practitioners and extenders will be encouraged to follow standard of practice for ordering antibiotic treatment for symptoms including but not limited to McGeer Criteria for urinary tract infections o Utilization of assessment and communication tools for residents suspected of having an infection o Implementation of process for communicating or receiving antibiotic use information when residents are transferred to/from other healthcare facilities o Development of reports summarizing antibiotic susceptibility patterns o Implementation of antibiotic review process/”antibiotic time out” o Implementation of specific interventions to improve antibiotic use The infection control prevention and control program and antibiotic stewardship program is a function of the multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary team including but not limited to: o Medical Director o Director of Nursing o Infection Control Preventionist or designee o Administrator o Consultant Pharmacist This facility will follow all State and local Health Department and CDC reporting requirements o Reportable Diseases in this State include: (* indicates required telephone report within 4 hours of suspect or confirmed cases) (** indicates isolates must be sent to state health department) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Amebiasis * Anthrax Arboviral disease (including West Nile virus, Western Equine encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis-indicate virus whenever possible) *Botulism Brucellosis Campylobacter infections Chancroid Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection *Cholera Cryptosporidiosis Cyclospora infection Diphtheria Ehrlichiosis **Escherichia coli and other shiga-toxin producing E. coli Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 4|Page Giardiasis Gonorrhea Haemophilus influenza Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Hemolytic uremic syndrome, postdiarrheal Hepatitis, viral (acute and chronic) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (includes Viral Load Tests) Legioinellosis Leprosy (Hansen disease) Listeriosis Lyme disease Malaria *Measles (rubeola) *Meningitis, bacterial * **Meningococcemia *Mumps *Pertussis (whooping cough) *Plague (Yersinia pestis) *Poliomyelitis Psittacosis *Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii) *Rabies, human and animal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever *Rubella including congenital rubella syndrome **Salmonellosis including typhoid fever * **Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) **Shigellosis *Smallpox **Streptococcal invasive, drug-resistant disease from Group A Streptococcus or Streptococcus pneumonia Syphilis including congenital syphilis Tetanus Toxic shock syndrome, streptococcal and staphylococcal Transmissible Spongioform Encephalopathy (TSE) or prion disease including CJD Trichinosis * **Tuberculosis, active disease Tuberculosis, latent infection Tularemia Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 5|Page Varicella (chickenpox) *Viral hemorrhagic fever Yellow fever The CDC Infection Control Assessment Tool for Long-term Care Facilities will be completed on an annual basis by the Infection Control Preventionist or designee and will be reported to the Quality Assurance Performance Improvement team for analysis of tracking and trending and development of correction action plans for issues of risk identified during the analysis of the tool findings o The Facility Assessment required review of diseases/diagnoses related to infection prevention, equipment and services related to infection control including but not limited to staff practices and environmental practices The Infection control program will include surveillance and investigation to prevent, to the extent possible, the onset and spread of infection using records of infection incidents to improve the program processes and outcomes by taking corrective actions as indicated o Surveillance is taken to mean the regular collection, collation and analysis of information on infection events and rates and the timely reporting of collected information o The Infection Control Preventionist is responsible for overseeing the Infection Control program including but not limited to surveillance of infections and tracking and trending infections in the facility and will: Have primary professional training in nursing, medical technology, microbiology, epidemiology or other related field Be qualified by education, training, experience or certification Work at least part-time at facility Have completed specialized training in infection prevention and control Participate on Quality Assurance Performance Improvement committee on a regular basis including: Surveillance Tracking and data collection analysis Develop action plans based on root cause analysis Develop and monitor best practices and clinical standards o Surveillance includes but is not limited to: Resident name Neighborhood/unit Admission date Infection onset date Site of infection Infection related to diagnosis Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 6|Page If Culture ordered and completed and if so, result If X-Ray ordered and if so, date and result Organism(s) identified through culture Antibiotic ordered Review of sensitivity with report if identified organism sensitive to ordered antibiotic Duration of antibiotic order Isolation procedures implemented per policy Health care acquired infection or community acquired infection Date of re-culture Date infection considered resolved Monthly analysis of tracking and trending including action plan based on findings of surveillance This facility has developed a system for recording incidents identified by the Infection Control Program and includes corrective actions taken by the facility o Based on identified surveillance, a root cause analysis will be conducted for every infection/outbreak with identified performance improvement actions o Annually the facility Infection Control Committee will an Infection Control Risk Assessment based on findings from review of Infection Control activity in facility The assessment will be updated annually and as necessary based on risk assessment and community/national standards Education and training of staff: o All facility staff will be educated on the facility Infection Control Program during New Employee Orientation and at least annually or at any time deemed necessary by any supervisor o Training of staff will be determined by annual staff performance evaluations o Training of staff will be determined by tracking and trending of infections within the facility o Training of residents, representatives and family members and visitors will occur with each incidence of infection Standard Precautions which include Universal Precautions will be used in the care of all residents Residents with known or suspected communicable diseases will be placed in the appropriate, least restrictive type of isolation precautions consistent with Center for Disease Center recommendations and guidelines and with the order of the primary care physician or physician extender Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 7|Page o If a physician’s order for isolation does not accompany the resident to the facility as indicated, nursing personnel will initiate isolation precautions and a physician’s order for isolation will be obtained at the earliest possible time o Nursing personnel may initiate the least restrictive isolation precautions for residents whose infectious disease(s) are detected by laboratory results including residents with positive cultures for resistive microorganisms A physician’s order for isolation will be obtained at the earliest possible time o Isolation equipment and supplies will be available at all times in the facility o All staff including physicians, nursing staff, social service and activity staff, volunteers, employees of dietary services, environmental services, laundry services, contracted providers and all other facility employees are responsible for complying with isolation precautions and for tactfully calling observed variances to policy to the attention of any person(s) not following the policy o Upon discharge, all unused disposable items will be discarded All non-disposable items including furnishings will be cleaned with an EPAapproved sanitizer that has been approved by the manufacturer of the product to effectively kill the identified microorganism Terminal cleaning of the room and furnishings will includ following all manufacturer recommendations for surface contact time for efficacy of sanitization o Nursing responsibilities include: The Infection Control Preventionist/designee will be notified immediately by nursing staff when a resident is placed in isolation and when isolation is discontinued o If a resident is to be transported to another location, nursing staff will notify the receiving destination and the transportation staff responsible for the transport that the resident is on a particular type of isolation precautions The resident’s clinical record and door will display the appropriate isolation notification by nursing staff At no time, will any signage on the door or any information accessible to view of any person reveal any protected health information Signage will refer viewers to the nurse to inquire about procedures to be followed o Nursing staff will instruct the resident and visitors about precautions to follow while visiting or attending to the resident in isolation o All residents in any type of isolation will be reviewed daily by the nurse in charge to determine the need for any change in isolation status or for discontinuing isolation o Assessment findings will be documented in the resident’s clinical record o Environmental Services responsibilities include: Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 8|Page During transport of a resident in isolation, the most direct routes to the destination will be taken All transports of residents in isolation will be single transports No other resident will be transported in the same vehicle at the same time and appropriate and thorough and comprehensive cleaning of all transport vehicles/devices will be performed and documented after completion of the transport using EPA-approved sanitizing agents approved for the specific microorganism identified During transport services, the person responsible for the transport will avoid contact with staff members and visitors as much as possible All wheelchairs, and other assistive devices will be cleaned thoroughly with an EPA-approved sanitizing agent approved for the specific microorganism identified after use for a resident on isolation precautions and prior to returning the wheelchair/assistive device to service Cleaning of the wheelchair/assistive device will include the seat, arm rest, back rest, foot pedals, and wheels/hand grips of the device All metal portions of the wheelchair/assistive device will be inspected for contamination with blood and/or other body fluids and once removed, all surfaces decontaminated with the appropriate sanitizing solution All cleaning procedures will be documented on a cleaning log maintained in the Environmental Service office o Resident responsibilities include: In the event a resident is non-compliant with the isolation precautions, the following steps will be implemented: The nurse and/or physician will thoroughly explain the isolation precautions to the resident and/or Responsible Party and will encourage the resident’s compliance with the precautions The nurse and/or physician will document the education provided in the resident’s clinical record If the resident continues with non-compliance, the Social Worker will schedule a Care Plan meeting/Family meeting as soon as possible, within 24 hours of the non-compliance to create a plan of action At a minimum, the resident, the resident’s representative, the resident’s Primary Care Physician, nurse, Social Worker, and Infection Control Preventionist will be in attendance The Care Plan will be amended to address the resident’s non-compliance along with negotiated interventions to maintain the resident’s safety and highest level of quality of care and quality of life AND the safety of Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 9|Page the other residents in the facility and staff members caring for the resident The physician and resident/representative will document information and sign an Informed Consent related to the non-compliance and projected adverse effects of non-compliance At no time, will the resident be allowed to place other residents, staff, volunteers or visitors in jeopardy related to non-compliance The Interdisciplinary Care Plan team will review the effectiveness of the care plan interventions on a weekly basis and findings will be documented by the nurse in the resident’s clinical record Isolation Precautions o Airborne Precautions Airborne Precautions will be used for residents with known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei CARE PLAN Immediately upon implementation of isolation precautions, add specific intervention instructions for staff to follow related to the isolation techniques implemented PRIVATE ROOM-necessary for all residents with Airborne Precautions If private room is not available, place the resident in a room with a resident with an infection of the same microorganism with no other infection (cohorting) If cohorting is not achievable, consult the Medical Director and local county health infection control practitioners for direction. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION A particulate respiratory mask will be worn when entering the room for all residents with Airborne Precautions HANDS Hands will be washed with an antimicrobial soap before entering and after leaving the room. All those entering room will wear clean, non-sterile gloves when entering room GOWNS All those entering room will wear a disposable protective gown DOOR Keep door closed and the resident in the room Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 10 | P a g e Post precautionary signage on door and identify isolation on clinical record TRANSPORTATION OF RESIDENT Limit movement and transport of resident from room to essential purposes only. If transport is necessary, place a surgical mask on the resident o All Barrier Precautions All Barrier Precautions is a combination of Standard Precautions, Airborne and Contact Precautions All Barrier Precautions will be implemented for residents known or suspected to have an Emerging Infectious Disease (EID) All Barrier Precautions Include: PRIVATE ROOM Necessary for all residents in this category DOOR Keep room door closed and resident in room. Place signage on door directing anyone wishing to enter to consult nursing staff prior to entering for instructions FOOD TRAYS Residents will be served on disposable food trays including tray, plates, glasses, cups, service ware ENSURE that all residents receive choices of menu selection consistent with facility dining procedures for all residents residing in facility SPECIMENS Label with “All Barrier Precautions” on specimen label Specimens will be double-bagged at the door The person on the outside of the door must wear gloves, gown & mask TRASH AND LINEN Trash and linen will be double-bagged at the resident’s door Linen will be double-bagged into a color-coded bag. The person on the outside of the door must wear gloves, gown & mask PERSONAL ITEMS All rings, piercings, watches, bracelets, pagers, cell phones or any other personal items should be removed prior to donning personal protective equipment (PPE) RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Any person entering the room will wear protective mask PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 11 | P a g e Wear protective eyewear when entering room FACESHIELD Wear face-shield over mask when performing any suctioning or exposed to any respiratory secretions GLOVES Wear clean, non-sterile gloves when entering room GOWNS Wear gown when entering room HANDS Wash with antimicrobial soap before entering and after leaving room TRANSPORT Limit the movement and transport of resident from room to essential purposes only Resident will don a clean gown, wear a mask, perform hand hygiene & will be covered with a clean sheet during transport Transport person will wear mask, facial protection, 2 gowns, and 2 pair gloves Transport person will enter resident’s room to assist with transfer to mobility device & just prior to moving resident out of room, will remove one pair of gloves & the outer gown & discard in room RESIDENT-CARE EQUIPMENT Dedicate the use of resident-care equipment when possible If equipment must leave the resident’s room, a healthcare worker will remove the equipment Healthcare worker will don a second pair of gloves and disinfect all surfaces of the equipment with a hospital-grade disinfectant approved for the identified microorganism The second pair of gloves will be removed and hands washed with antiseptic soap and water Donning PPE Order Don gown Don mask Don face protection Don gloves Ensure gown is secured behind the neck & with the tie behind the back Pull gloves up over gown sleeve cuffs Order of Removal of PPE Remove gloves Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 12 | P a g e Remove mask Remove gown Exit room and WASH HANDS, then remove mask THEN WASH HANDS AGAIN o Influenza Precautions Influenza precautions is a combination of Standard Precautions, Droplet Precautions, and Contact Precautions PRIVATE ROOM Necessary for all residents with diagnosed influenza RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Respiratory protection will be provided by mask GLOVES Wear gloves when entering room HANDS Wash hands with antimicrobial soap before entering and after leaving room DOOR Keep door closed and resident in room and place instructional sign on door instructing anyone wanting to enter to find nurse for instructions TRANSPORT Limit movement and transport of resident from room to essential purposes only Resident will don clean gown Resident will don clean mask Resident will practice hand hygiene Resident will be covered with clean sheet during transport RESIDENT-CARE EQUIPMENT Dedicate use of resident-care equipment when possible If equipment must leave room, staff will remove equipment by donning second pair of gloves and disinfect all surfaces of equipment with sanitizing solution approved for identified microorganism Second pair of gloves will be removed and hands washed with antiseptic soap and water Donning PPE Order Don gown Don mask Don gloves Ensure gown is secured behind neck and with tie behind back Pull gloves over gown sleeve cuffs Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 13 | P a g e Order of Removal of PPE Remove gloves Remove gown Exit room and WASH HANDS then remove mask and WASH HANDS AGAIN o Droplet Precautions Droplet Precautions will be used for residents known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by droplets that can be generated by the resident during coughing, sneezing, talking or during performance of coughinducing procedures Droplet Precautions include: PRIVATE ROOM Necessary for all residents in this category If private room not available Place the resident in a room with a resident who has an infection with same microorganism unless otherwise recommended, but with no other infection (cohorting) When cohorting is not achievable, maintain spatial separation of greater than 3 feet between the infected resident and other residents and visitors RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Don a mask prior to entering room DOOR May remain open but place precautionary sign on door directing visitors to inquire with nurse about precautionary instructions HANDS Wash hands with antimicrobial soap before entering room and after leaving room TRANSPORT Limit movement and transport of resident from room to essential purposes only If transport is essential, resident to don mask prior to transport Mask is not necessary for transporter o Contact Precautions Contact Precautions will be used for specified residents known to suspected to be infected or colonized with microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct contact with the resident (and or skin-to-skin contact that occurs when performing resident-care activities that require touching the resident’s skin) or Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 14 | P a g e indirect contact (touching) with environmental surfaces or resident care items in the resident’s environment PRIVATE ROOM Necessary for all residents in this category When private room not available place resident in room with an resident with infection or who is colonized with the same microorganism but with no other infection (Cohorting) If cohorting is not achievable, consultation with the resident’s Primary Care Physician is necessary to determine appropriate placement GLOVES Wear clean, non-sterile gloves when entering room Remove soiled gloves, wash hands and change gloves after having contact with infective material Remove gloves before leaving resident’s environment and wash hands immediately with antimicrobial soap GOWNS Wear gown when entering room Remove gown before leaving resident’s environment After gown removal, ensure clothing does not contact potentially contaminated environmental surfaces HANDS Wash with antimicrobial soap before entering room and after leaving room DOOR Door may be open; place instructional sign on door directing inquiries to nurse for specific instructions TRANSPORT Limit movement and transport of resident from the room to essential purposes only If resident is transported, ensure precautions are maintained to minimize risk of transmission of microorganisms to other residents and contamination of environmental surfaces or equipment Transporters to wear gown and gloves during transport for transfers Hand hygiene should be performed with microbacterial soap RESIDENT-CARE EQUIPMENT When possible, dedicate use of non-critical resident-care equipment to a single resident or cohort of patients infected or colonized with the pathogen requiring precautions to avoid sharing between residents Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 15 | P a g e If use of common equipment or items is unavoidable, adequately clean and disinfect before use for any other resident with chemical agent approved for use on the identified microorganism Employee Infection Control o All staff have a responsibility to ensure that the employee complies with the principles of standard infection control precautions o All staff have a responsibility to be aware of local and national policies, procedures and campaigns related to standard infection control precautions o All staff are responsible for following hand hygiene protocols of this facility and be able to demonstrate competency in hand hygiene at least annually o All staff have a responsibility to encourage residents, care givers, volunteers and contracted staff to comply with the principles of standard infection control precautions o Report to the Charge Nurse any deficits in knowledge or other factors related to facility equipment or infection control incidents that may have or has the potential to result in cross contamination o Staff are required to successfully attend all trainings provided related to infection control including but not limited to prior to direct care with any resident during newemployee orientation and at least annually o Report any illness which may be a result of occupational exposure including blood-borne exposures and/or needle sticks or other sharp devices immediately o Does not provide direct resident care while infectious including but not limited to: Acute gastrointestinal infections Acute poliomyelitis Blood-borne pathogens Active, infective HIV Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Conjunctivitis Diphtheria Hepatitis A Herpes simplex Influenza Measles Meningococcal disease Mumps Open, uncovered wounds Parvovirus Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 16 | P a g e Persistent, unusual cough or rhinitis Pertussis Physician ordered work restrictions Rabies Respiratory syncytial virus Rubella Scabies and pediculosis Smallpox Staff aureus infections and carriage Streptococcus group A infections Tuberculosis Uncontrolled diarrhea Uncontrolled nausea and/or vomiting not related to pregnancy Viral respiratory infections Date Approved: Approved By: Related F-Tags: F441, F520 Employees Responsible: All Staff Infection Control Policy F-Tags: F441, F520 17 | P a g e