Download AIM: Students will know how to succeed on exams in urban ecology

AIM: Students will know how to
succeed on exams in urban ecology
Please Do Now: Look at this question
from the last quiz carefully. Answer it
and explain your answer.
If you lived on a small island, and only had a single small field and a pond
in which to produce all of your food, would you:
A) grow corn and eat that
B) grow corn and feed it to chickens
C) grow corn and feed it to chickens than feed the chicken meat to fish in
the pond
Agenda
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Do Now
Go Over Exam Format
GO over objectives
Practice Questions
Work time for performance task
Why you need to STUDY
• Your Grade: 40% Tests, 25% Classwork, 25%
Quizzes, 10% Homework
• 25% / 20 Quizzes = 1.2 % / quiz
• 40% / 4 Tests = 10 % / test
• That means each test could be the difference
between an 78 and a 68, or 98 and a 88.
Test Format
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14 points for the performance task
50 points for multiple choice
15 points for open response
5 points for experimental design
10 points for data analysis
6 reading/annotations
There are a few bonus questions, to reward
those of you who pay attention closely.
Objectives
• SWBAT define ecology
Objectives
• SWBAT explain how natural selection results in evolution
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SWBAT define natural selection
SWBAT define organisms, and population,
SWBAT define niche
SWBAT define evolution
SWBAT define reproductive isolation
SWBAT identify 5 ways two populations could become
reproductively isolated
– SWBAT differentiate between directional, stabilizing, and
disruptive selection
– SWBAT recognize selection pressure from a word problem and
what would happen to a population in response to that pressure
Objectives
• SWBAT recognize the sun as the source of the energy
for most all ecosystems
• SWBAT describe how energy flows through ecosystems
– SWBAT define trophic level, producers, and consumers
– SWBAT recognize producers and consumers in an
ecosystem or a food web diagram
– SWBAT calculate how much energy is transferred between
different trophic levels
– SWBAT draw an energy pyramid
– SWBAT articulate why there are less consumers than
producers in any ecosystem
Objectives
• SWBAT use a phylogentic tree to explain
evolutionary relationships among organisms
– SWBAT compare relatedness among groups based
on a phylogenetic tree
– SWBAT show when a certain feature evolved
based on a phylogentic tree
– SWBAT construct a phylogenetic tree from a list of
features
Practice Questions
• Natural selection can best be defined as the...
A. survival of the biggest and strongest organisms
in a population.
B. survival and reproduction of the organisms that
occupy the largest area.
C. survival and reproduction of the organisms that
are genetically best adapted to the environment.
D. elimination of the smallest organisms by the
biggest organisms.
Practice Questions
• Natural selection can best be defined as the...
A. survival of the biggest and strongest organisms
in a population.
B. survival and reproduction of the organisms that
occupy the largest area.
C. survival and reproduction of the organisms that
are genetically best adapted to the environment.
D. elimination of the smallest organisms by the
biggest organisms.
Practice Questions
• Use the ecological definition of the word
population in a sentence.
Practice Questions
• Use the ecological definition of the word
population in a sentence.
• There is a population of albino squirrels near
my old house.
Practice Questions
• What are 2 adaptations the pigeon has to life
in the city?
Practice Questions
• What are 2 adaptations the pigeon has to life
in the city?
• Eats human waste
• Nests under bridges
Practice Questions
• A species’ ecological niche can be described
as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
How many things it can eat
The size the young it gives birth to
The number of species it is related to
The unique role it plays in the ecosystem
Practice Questions
• A species’ ecological niche can be described
as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
How many things it can eat
The size the young it gives birth to
The number of species it is related to
The unique role it plays in the ecosystem
Practice Questions
• A population of cacti grow in Bed-Stuy. On average the
cacti have needles that are about 4 inches long. The
cacti without needles or with much shorter needles
tend to get eaten and killed off by the pigeons in the
neighborhood. The cacti that have needles much
longer than 4 inches catch a disease and die. In this
way, the population of cacti continues to have needles
about 4 inches in length. This is an example of what
kind of selection?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Stabilizing selection
Directional Selection
Extinction selection
Disruptive Selection
Practice Questions
• A population of cacti grow in Bed-Stuy. On average the
cacti have needles that are about 4 inches long. The
cacti without needles or with much shorter needles
tend to get eaten and killed off by the pigeons in the
neighborhood. The cacti that have needles much
longer than 4 inches catch a disease and die. In this
way, the population of cacti continues to have needles
about 4 inches in length. This is an example of what
kind of selection?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Stabilizing selection
Directional Selection
Extinction selection
Disruptive Selection
Practice Questions
• Antibiotics were discovered less than a
century ago. Humans have used them so
much since then though, the bacteria they
once killed are now often not even harmed by
them, and are called “antibiotic resistant”.
Explain, in terms of natural selection, how this
new trait could have developed.
Practice Questions
• Antibiotics were discovered less than a century ago.
Humans have used them so much since then though,
the bacteria they once killed are now often not even
harmed by them, and are called “antibiotic resistant”.
Explain, in terms of natural selection, how this new
trait could have developed.
• Directional selection favored those organisms with
resistance in an environment with antibiotics present.
They survived and reproduced more.
Practice Questions
• In order for one species to become two
separate species, two populations of the
original species must become reproductively
isolated. Explain what this means, and name
at least two ways two populations could
become reproductively isolated from one
another.
Practice Questions
• In order for one species to become two separate
species, two populations of the original species
must become reproductively isolated. Explain
what this means, and name at least two ways
two populations could become reproductively
isolated from one another.
• Reproductive isolation is when populations
cannot interbreed. Ex: geographic isolation,
behavioral isolation.
Practice Questions
• Explain why there are way more zebras than
lions in the African savannah ecosystem.
Practice Questions
• Explain why there are way more zebras than
lions in the African savannah ecosystem.
• Transfer of energy between trophic levels is
inefficient.
Practice Questions
• If there are 20,000 calories available at the
primary consumer level, how many calories
would be available at the producer level?
Practice Questions
• If there are 20,000 calories available at the
primary consumer level, how many calories
would be available at the producer level?
• 200,000
Practice Questions
• Which of these is not a producer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tomatoes
Algae
Frogs
The bacteria in deep sea vents
Practice Questions
• Which of these is not a producer?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Tomatoes
Algae
Frogs
The bacteria in deep sea vents
Practice Questions
• Define Ecology
Practice Questions
• Define Ecology
• The study of the interaction of organisms and
their environment