Download Chapter 7 - American Academy

Gastric brooding frog
Chapter 7:
THE EVOLUTION OF LIVING THINGS
Warmup: April 14, 2014
1.
The cockroach originated on Earth more than 250
million years ago and is thriving today all over the
world. A giant deer (more than 2m tall) evolved less
than 1 million years ago and became extinct around
11,000 years ago.
Why do you think one animal thrived and the other
perished?
Objectives
Identify two types of evidence that show
how organisms have evolved.
2. Describe one pathway through which a
modern whale could have evolved from
an ancient mammal.
1.
QUIZ
1. What
is an adaptation?
2. What is the process of
eutrophication? List/draw the steps.
3. What are the zones of the ocean?
4. What are the zones of the lake?
5. What is a species?
6. What is a population?
1. adaptation:
physical or behavioral
characteristics that helps an animal survive
2. Eutrophication: a process where water
bodies receive excess nutrients that
stimulate excessive plant growth
1.
species: group of organisms that can mate
to produce other organisms
2.
Population: groups of individuals of the
same species living in the same place
3.
Evolution: species change over time. As
populations change over times, new
species form. Newer species descend from
older species
Whale Evolution
tailbone (coccyx)
appendix
wisdom teeth
body hair

whale evolution
What are some differences?
What are some similarities?
What do the arrows mean?
Food webs/chains
1.
Make a food chain for the following:
1. A lake biome
2. An ocean biome
3. A terrestrial biome
2.
Make a food web for a land biome
Bunny Evolution Simulation
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/natural-selection (located on webpage)
Introduction: This simulation shows a bunny population and how it changes over time
depending on limiting (selection) factors. The simulation is java based and will run in most
browsers, though you may need to download it first to run it. Your task is to use the simulation
to answer questions about how bunnies change over time.
General Observations
1. What are the variables you can control in this simulation?
2. What happens if you have no selection factor (food or wolves) clicked?
If you add a selection factor, how does this affect your population of bunnies?

Experiment 1: How Does the Food Scarcity Affect Bunny Populations

Sample Hypothesis: If you limit the amount of food the bunnies have available,
then evolution will favor traits that_____________________________________________

Instructions: Change the settings of your bunny populations so that you can
investigate how food affects bunny populations
Some questions to consider as you make observations: (answer the following)

Does the selection factor drive the population toward a particular phenotype
(trait)? Why is this?

How would the traits (mutations) help the bunnies survive in their environment?
Were some traits more helpful than others?

Did the same results occur in the arctic environment? Suggest reasons for any
differences.
Experiment 2: How Does Predation Affect Bunny Populations

Sample Hypothesis: If bunnies are subject to predation, then evolution will
favor traits that
__________________________________________________________
Some questions to consider as you make observations: (answer the following)

Does the selection factor (predation) drive the population toward a
particular phenotype (trait)? Why is this?

How would the traits (mutations) help the bunnies survive in their
environment? Were some traits more helpful than others?

Did the same results occur in the arctic environment? Suggest reasons for
any differences.