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Transcript
_____________________________________________________________________________________ A Simple Introduction to Programming on Linux ___________________________________________________________________________________ Olivia Zaleski 0 Contents____________________________ Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What is Linux? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Moving Around a File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 VIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Quick Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 Introduction________________________________ As the title implies, this guide is for people who want to learn about coding in a Linux environment. Topics covered include VIM shortcuts, comparisons of Linux to other operating systems, and more. One of the topics not covered is the installation process, and so this guide is not intended for those who do not already have access to Linux (for those that do not already have Linux, check box below). No prior experience with Linux or free-line command is required to understand any of the content in this manual. This is by no means meant to give a person an in-depth understanding, but rather a gentle introduction that provides knowledge to build off of. The Quick Guide in the last section is meant to serve as an easy reference for even people who do have general experience. Here are some reasons why this guide is right for you: You want (or are required) to learn about Linux You have no experience with free line command Other guides are confusing You want to start off with the basics Don’t have Linux yet? 2 Check out these sites for more information: https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/770346-how-to-install-and-try-linux-theabsolutely-easiest-and-safest-way https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/783109-how-to-choose-the-best-linux-desktopfor-you http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows What is Linux?_____________________________ Linux is an open computer operating system (OS) that allows users to access devices and perform desired functions on a computer. In some aspects it may be compared to a Windows operating system or even a Mac. A computer scientist named Linus Torvalds created the first version of Linux in 1991; since then it has evolved into one of the most widely used operating systems in the world. One difference between Linux and other operating systems is that Linux is open source, meaning that it is not owned by one single corporation, and many improvements are through the collaboration of multiple sources. Key Features LINUX MINT Linux is extremely lightweight (this translates to improvement in performance) Lots of room for customization More secure than other operating systems such as Windows Easy installation process Free to download 3 Linux, like many other operating systems, offers a variety of versions from which to choose from. Linux Mint is perhaps one of the most popular versions for those who are less experienced with the Linux operating system. Many features are already included for easy use. Quick to install. Built-in graphics are similar to a traditional desktop layout. Linux Mint Desktop_________________________ Figure 1. Basic Linux Mint desktop layout. This desktop has similar features to other operating systems. One feature sets it apart, and that is the ability to have access to a terminal window. A terminal window is a text-only window in a graphical user interface. It lacks the visual graphics and is controlled through text commands. A command line interface is where communication between the user and the console is based solely on textual input/output. 4 Moving Around a File System_________________ Terminal window By using a command line in a terminal window the user can have access to all sorts of options such as managing the file system. In the file manager, all of the files are displayed in a graphical representation. In a terminal window, you are automatically in your home directory. Graphical file system List the file contents: To list the contents of the directory, simply type “ls” and hit <enter>. Blue represents folders Enter a folder: If you want to open up a folder then you need to change your current working directory with the “cd filename” command. For instance, if you wanted to enter the file “cmsc262”, you would type: cd cmsc201 This section displays which directory you are in, so you know if it works or not. Create a new folder: To create a new folder, the command is “mkdir filename”. To create a folder named “projects” type: mkdir projects 5 Copy one file into another: You can copy the contents of one file into another with “cp”, followed by the name of the file you want to copy and the destination file. If you wanted to make a copy of the folder “Lab1” and wanted to store it in “Lab2” you would type: cp Lab1 Lab2 This works for folders as well as different types of files. Create a new file: To create a new file you need to have a text editor, and one of the most well-known text editors is VIM. The user can specify what type of Type of File Command file to create based on the command. C++ vim filename.cpp 6 python vim filename.py text vim filename.txt html Vim filename.html C vim filename.c Note: If VIM is not already installed on your computer you can download it with the command: sudo apt-get install vim Quick Guide_____________________________________________ Use these commands to navigate around in VIM Command What it does paste :w Save any changes to the file u Undo changes :q Quit; exit the file $ Jump to end of line :q! Quit without saving any changes :wq Save and quit k Move upward i Insert mode h Move left v Visual mode j Move down dd Delete a row l Move right gg Move to the top of the file ^ Jump to first character in line “shift” + g Move to the bottom of the file e Forward to end of word be Backward to end of word # + dd y 7 p Delete # rows Yank a line (copy in visual) :syntax on Syntax colors will display ( Go one sentence backward 0