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Download Minerals are valuable resources
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Industry: Minerals can be found in a lot of the products we use in every day life: • Vehicles (metals) • Glass (quartz and feldspar) • Electronics (silicon and metals) Arts: Minerals are valued for their beauty: • Jewelry (gemstones and metals) • Paint (pigment) Minerals form through a natural process where atoms of elements join together and crystals form. 1. Evaporating water - when the water evaporates, the atoms that make up the substances that were dissolved in the water join to form crystals 2. Hot water cools – the hot water dissolves minerals as it moved through Earth’s crust. When that water cools, the minerals separate and crystallize again. 3. Molten rock cools – Magma and lava describe hot rock that contains many atoms similar to those found in minerals. These atoms join together when the hot rock cools to form mineral crystals 4.Heat and pressure – the bonds between atoms break and form in new ways to create different minerals. 5.Organisms create minerals – sea creatures can create calcite and carbonate to form their shells. Humans produce apatite which is a main mineral in bones and teeth. • Minerals have to be taken out of the ground before they can be used – Some are close to the surface – Some are very deep • Most minerals are found in rocks – Rocks that contain enough mineral to make any $$$ are called ores Copper ore Used to dig up minerals that are close to the surface. • Panning - because gold and minerals like it are dense it doesn’t get swept away by water currents. • Strip mining - the land is stripped of all the surface life (plants, soil, other rocks) and then dig out the ore. • Open-pit mining - miners clear off top layer and then use explosives to blast the layer of rock. As they create a bigger pit, they create roads for the trucks to carry the ore to the surface. Used for ores far below the surface of the Earth. • Miners drill down or into a mountain and create a level passage way. • From that main passage, they can drill or blast to get at the ore.
