Download 1930s – The Rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany

History of Canada
1930s – The Rise of Hitler and Nazism in Germany
Germany had lost WW1. The Treaty of Versailles brought peace, but the Treaty
also forced many concessions on Germany. The concessions included (1)
paying reparation for war damages, (2) giving up land and colonies, (3) reducing
its armed forces and (4) taking blame for WW1. Under these strict conditions,
Nazism became a political force and eventually a totalitarian regime in Germany.
There were a number of factors that led to the rise of Nazism?
Why did so many Germans turn to Hitler and Nazism?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Read the notes that follow this information
(http://fcweb.limestone.on.ca/~stridef) and refer to your textbook
In your notebook, make a chart similar to the one below
From your research, identify the reasons why many Germans turned to
Hitler and Nazism. Note: One reason, the Treaty of Versailles, is
provided
Provide examples, proof or rationale for each reason.
Complete the table
Also use Internet research to complete the second table about the role of
other nations during this period AND answer the three questions about the
idea of isolationism and Canada.
Reason for rise in
Nazism in Germany
Treaty of Versailles
Example, Proof or Rationale
Grade 10 History of Canada Unit 3 Lesson 1
WORLD EVENTS LEADING TO WORLD WAR 2
How could Hitler and the Nazi Party have gained so much power so quickly?
Country
Rationale
USA and
Canada
Britain
France
Russia
Japan
Italy
Germany
1. Why policy of Isolationism a good policy? Explain
2. Why policy of Appeasement a good policy? Explain
3. Could Canada have played a different role?
Grade 10 History of Canada Unit 3 Lesson 1
Answer Sheet
WORLD EVENTS LEADING TO WORLD WAR 2
How could Hitler and the Nazi Party have gained so much power so quickly?
USA and Canada
? Separated…and protected…by two oceans, and thus policy of isolationism
? Desire not to become involved in politics of other countries
? Needed to solve domestic problems of the Great Depression
Britain
? Involved in own affairs of rebuilding empire
? Wary of Communist Russia
? Had world largest and most powerful navy – confident they were safe
? Tried to avoid war by signing Munich Agreement with Germany restricting
German expansion – called Appeasement
France
? Involved in own affairs of reconstructing country
? Wary of Communist Russia
? No desire to enter into another war
? Tried to avoid war by signing Munich Agreement with Germany restricting
German expansion – called Appeasement
Italy
? Formed an alliance with Germany
? Sought to expand powers (e.g., invaded Eastern Africa and Albania)
Japan
? Formed an alliance with Germany
? Planned its own conquest for domination of Asia
? Invaded Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931, and by 1937 controlled all of
China
Russia
? Rebuilding after bloody Communist Revolution
? Building up a powerful army
? Under Stalin, intending to spread Communist form of government worldwide
? Signed non-aggression pact with Germany
Germany
? Used Self-Determination” section within Treaty of Versailles affirming that
people in different regions of Europe had the right to determine the form of
government under which they would live to German benefit (e.g., claimed part
of Czechoslovakia saying Germans living there want German government).
Building armed forces secretly in Germany and Austria
Grade 10 History of Canada - Unit 3 Lesson 1
NAZISM – HITLER’s RISE
?
Hitler fought in WW1. He was a dispatch runner. He was wounded twice and
survived a gas attack. For his service, he earned First and Second Class Iron
Cross medals.
?
The Treaty of Versailles humiliated Hitler. He also felt Germany was being
corrupted by Jews and Communists.
?
In 1919, he joined the German Workers Party, and by 1921, he became its
self-imposed Chairman. He renamed the Party as the National Socialist
German Workers Party (Nazi). The Nazi had 3,000 members.
?
Hitler introduced his 25-point program that included the Final Solution for
Jews (exclusion from society, ghettos, annihilate).
?
In 1923, Hitler tried to stage a coup to overthrow the German government.
Called the Beer Hall Putsch, the coup ended with 19 dead, many wounded
and Hitler jailed for five years. The attempted coup was not a failure because
it raised the profile of a political nobody.
?
Hitler became more politically active. By 1933, he had been elected
Chancellor of Germany with a majority of the seats in the German Parliament.
NOTE: 63% of Germans did not vote for Hitler. They failed to vote with a
unified voice against the Nazi.
?
Almost immediately, Hitler enacted the Enabling Law. The law gave the
Government the power for four years to enact laws without the input of the
Parliament and deviate from the German Constitution.
?
One week later, the Nazi passed the Temporary Law for the Coordination of
the States and the Reich. Under this law, states were required to conform to
the German Parliament. Hitler installed a Nazi Party member as the leader of
each state.
?
Police forces were combined to form the SS a nd the Gestapo. Soon
afterwards, Germany became a police state.
?
In 1933, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations.
?
In 1934, Hitler began a campaign to purge Germany of his political foes.
?
In 1934, the German Reich President died. Hitler abolished the title and
declared himself Fuhrer. All troops were required to swear an oath of
allegiance to Hitler…not to the country.
?
After the “invited conquest of Austria”, Hitler looked at the Sudentenland of
Czechoslovakia. Hitler noted that many people of German descent lived in
this area, and that they wanted to be part of Germany. The Czechs were
ready to fight, but the world was not. British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain and French Premier Dadodian agreed to the German
occupation of Sudentenland at the Munich Conference. By March 1939,
Germany controlled, by force, all of Czechoslovakia.
?
In August 1939, Germany signed a Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet
Union. In the pact, these two nations would not fight each other and they
would divide Poland . Hitler could now concentrate his political efforts on his
western border.
?
In September 1939, Hitler demanded the Polish Corridor awarded to Poland
in the Treaty of Versailles be returned to Germany. Poland refused.
Germany invaded Poland using a new strategy of warfare called blitzkrieg or
lightning warfare. It involved the rapid deployment of troops supported by air
attacks on important military sites (e.g., supply depots, air fields).
?
On 3 September 1939, Britain under Winston Churchill declared war. Two
days later France declared war. Canada followed soon afterwards.
?
For the next year, nothing happened, and Hitler readied his troops on his
western border.
Grade 10 History of Canada Unit 3 Lesson 1
WORLD EVENTS LEADING TO WORLD WAR 2
1933
? Hitler is elected leader of Germany. Hitler is also the leader of the Nazi Party.
? Germany and Japan leave the League of Nations
1935
? Hitler tears up the Treaty of Versailles and begins a massive build up of
Germany’s army. Britain is too busy trying to rebuild its empire after WW1 to
become involved.
1936
? Spanish Civil War starts. The Spanish Army by Franco and its Nationalist
supporters try to overthrow the Spanish Government. The Government is
Republican, but they are portrayed as Communists. Russia supports the
Republicans, while Germany and Italy help the Nationalists. Most other
international powers do not get directly involved, but most countries fear the
Communists and covertly back Franco’s Nationalists.
? German troops enter the Rhineland, an area of land between France and
Germany. After WW1, France claimed the Rhineland and its rich natural
resources.
1937
? Guernica, Spain is bombed without
warning by German planes. Guernica
is a non-military target in Republican
territory. The bombing kills over 2000
people. Pablo Picasso paints the
picture Guernica to protest the
bombing.
1938
? Germany negotiates the Munich Agreement with France and Britain. Under
the Agreement, Germany can claim part of Czechoslovakia as German land.
? Germany invades Austria by invitation of the Austrian leader. Germany is
now the most powerful country in Europe.
? Germans attack Jews all over Germany. Thousands of Jewish shops are
ransacked. The event is called Kristallnacht – “The Night of Broken Glass”.
1939
? Germany invades all of Czechoslovakia
? Germany and Russia sign a Non-Aggression Pact and agree to divide Poland
? On 1 September 1939, Germany invades Poland. On 3 September 1939,
British Prime Minister Winston Churchill declares war.