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15-3 Notes: Teacher Plate Boundary – Place where 2 plates meet There are 3 types of boundaries - Convergent boundary - Divergent boundary - Transform fault boundary Convergent Boundary – 2 Plate meet head on Mountains Subduction zones Trenches Volcanoes Earthquakes Island arcs When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, trenches form. **** Oceanic crust is more dense so it sinks under the continental crust.*** Example – Himalayas Mountains & Mariana’s Trench Divergent Boundary – 2 Plates pull apart from each other mid-ocean ridge / rift valleys volcanoes Example – Iceland & Mid-Atlantic Ridge Transform Fault Boundary - 2 Plates slide past each other earthquakes Example – San Andreas Fault in CA What causes plates to move? The driving force is HEAT - The transfer of energy in Earth’s interior creates large convection cells in the mantle. These convection cells push and pull the plates in different directions causing plates to move. What can happen when plates meet? - Mountains form - Volcanoes erupt or - Earthquakes occur - Trenches form on ocean floor ↵ Earthquakes 1. movement along faults 2. seismic waves formed by vibrating rocks 3. focus – point underground where earthquakes start 4. epicenter - located above the focus at the surface 5. surface waves – do most of the damage Volcanoes 1. can form at both divergent and convergent boundaries 2. melted rock – magma below Earth’s surface lava above Earth’s surface 3. more dense materials surrounding magma forces it to rise If enough pressure builds up, it will erupt Hot Spots - Volcanoes that do not form at a plate boundary Example – Hawaiian Islands 15-3 Notes: Student _______________ Plate Boundary – Place where 2 _________ ________ There are 3 types of boundaries - _______________ boundary - _______________ boundary - __________ ________ boundary Convergent Boundary – 2 Plate meet head on _____ Mountains ____________ __________ Trenches ____________ Earthquakes ___________ __________ When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, ___________ form. **** Oceanic crust is ______ _____ so it sinks under the continental crust*** Example – _____________ Mountains & ___________ Trench Divergent Boundary – 2 Plates ____ ____ from each other ____ Mid-ocean ridge / _____ _______ Volcanoes Example – Iceland & _____________ Ridge Transform Fault Boundary - 2 Plates slide past each other ___ _______________ Example – _____ ________ Fault in CA What causes plates to move? The driving force is _______ - The transfer of _______ in Earth’s interior creates large ________ ______ in the mantle. These convection cells _____ and _____ the plates in different directions causing plates to _____. What can happen when plates meet? - Mountains form ____ - Volcanoes erupt ____ or _____ - Earthquakes occur _____ - Trenches form on ocean floor ______ Earthquakes 6. movement along ________ 7. _________ waves formed by vibrating rocks 8. focus – point ____________ where earthquakes ______ 9. __________ - located above the focus at the surface 10. surface waves – do most of the ________ Volcanoes 4. can form at both _________ and __________ boundaries 5. melted rock – _____ below Earth’s surface _____ above Earth’s surface 6. more _____ materials surrounding magma forces it to rise If enough pressure builds up, it will ______ Hot Spots - Volcanoes that ___ _____ form at a plate __________ Example – _________ Islands