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Name________________ Astronomy I cans 1. What is the Big Bang? The Big Bang is when the universe began as a rapid expansion of energy and matter from a small compressed volume. 2. Matter and energy were compressed prior to the Big Bang. What is believed to have happened to the matter and energy at the time of the Big Bang? 3. What was the first element to be created and is the most abundant in the universe after the Big Bang? 4. What is evidence that the Big Bang occurred? The energy and matter expanded like a balloon 5. When did the Big Bang occur? 6. How does the red shift of galaxies prove the Big Bang occurred? About 14 billion years ago 7. How has electromagnetic radiation changed since the Big Bang? 8. What matter makes up most of the universe? 9. What type of galaxy is the Milky Way? CMB radiation was hot at the time of the Big Bang and has cooled to 2.7 degrees Kelvin. (-270o C) The wavelength of radiation also has increased. Hydrogen 1. Cosmic Background radiation 2. Redshift of galaxies 3. Amount of H and He in the universe Galaxies that are moving away from the Earth produce a red shift in the spectra of light (Doppler effect). This proves that galaxies are continuing to expand out from the Big Bang. Dark energy and dark matter Spiral 10. How does our galaxy compare to other galaxies? 11. How does our galaxy move? There are spiral, elliptical and irregular galaxies 12. Where is our solar system in the galaxy? Our solar system is located on the Orion arm in the Milky Way Galaxy. 13. How does our solar system move? 14. What is a nebula? Counterclockwise around the sun 15. How did the solar system form? 16. How old is our solar system? 17. Did the planets form before, after, or at the same time as the sun? 18. What is nuclear fusion? 19. What happens to the nuclei of an atom in fusion? 20. What is created during fusion? 21. Where does nuclear fusion occur? 22. Explain how nuclear fusion creates larger elements. The dust and gas in a nebula began to spin, then the dust and gas began accreting (gathering) because of gravity 4.5 billion years old counterclockwise Cloud of dust and gas in space in which stars and planets are born Same time When atoms combine and create heat and light A nuclear fusion reaction causes the nuclei of an atom to gain more protons and release energy. Energy (heat and light) The core of stars Nuclear fusion fuses heavier atoms together to create even heavier atoms on the Periodic Table 23. What stellar activity is responsible for the formation of most of the elements heavier than iron (Fe)?-supernova 24. Name 3 elements that were formed from large stars. Answers vary 25. What is the life cycle of a low mass star? 26. What is the life cycle of a massive star? 27. What type of star would become a supernova? Diagram from page 786-787 Diagram from page 786-787 A massive star 28. What is the X axis? class 29. What is the Y axis? luminosity 30. What is meant by luminosity? Brightness 31. What is meant by magnitude? Another scale of brightness 32. What is meant by spectral class? Surface temperature 33. What is meant by temperature? Temp of star at its surface 34. Describe what stage of the life cycle are these stars? Aldebaran Red giant Alpha Centauri Main sequence Procyon White dwarf Mintaka Main sequence 35. Compare a star in the white dwarf stage to our sun. A white dwarf is older and near the end of its life 36. What does main sequence mean? 37. What forces are always battling each other in a star? 38. What is the equilibrium of a star? A star in the middle of its life, fusion and gravity are in equilibrium Fusion pushing out, gravity pulling in Fusion=gravity 39. Describe a sunspot. Sunspots are dark areas on the sun's surface that are cooler than the sun. 40. How long does the sunspot cycle last? 11 year cycle 41. Describe a solar flare. Explosive release of energy from a sunspot 42. What is the period of time with the least amount of sunspots? 1900-1925 43. What was the approximate date for the most amount of sunspots ever recorded?1960 44. What has been the trend to the most (peaks) number of sunspots over the past 50 years? decrease 45. Where do coronal mass ejections come from? Coronal Mass Ejections are from sunspots when solar particles that escape from the sun's corona 46. What effect do CMEs have on Earth? Coronal Mass Ejections (CME's) enter Earth's magnetosphere and affect radio communication, Earth's satellites, cause power disturbances and auroras 47. How are auroras created? Coronal Mass Ejections (CME's) and solar flares create auroras at the Earth's poles. Particles from the sun interact with our atmosphere and magnetic field and light up 48. How are sunspots and auroras related? Energy is released by a sunspot towards earth, and this energy reacts with the earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field