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NAME ____________________________________________________ DATE ________________ TEACHER-PERIOD ______________________ THE BIG BANG!! (Science Interactions Book – pages 626 – 642) The “Big Bang” is a theory about how the Universe formed. Since the universe is so VAST, scientist have to use a special unit of measurement called a light year. A light year is the distance ___light travels in 1 year_______________________ We use light because it travels so fast! The speed of light is… _______300,000_______ km per second OR _______186,400_____________ miles per second * So 1 light year is equal to _____5.8 trillion_____________________ miles!!! So what IS the Big Bang Theory? In the Big Bang theory, it is thought that all the matter and energy that existed condensed, by ____gravity_________, until it became so ____dense_____ that the pressure caused it explode (BANG!!). Scientists think this explosion happened about ___15_____ _____billion years ago___________________. Since gravity was still attracting objects together, the dust and gas from the explosion started to come back together and form the ____galaxies, stars and planets________. Scientists believe that the Earth formed about _____4.5________ billion years ago. (That means it took almost 10 billion years after the Big Bang for the Earth to form!) So here’s how galaxies / stars / solar systems / planets form:: First, you have a huge cloud of dust & gas called a __nebula____. Then ___gravity_____ pulls the gas together to form a __star___. Many stars together form a ___galaxy____. The dust (and some gas) will condense to form ____planet_________. **This process continues or cycles every time a large star explodes in a ____supernova____________. STARS Made up of ___gas_______ (usually __hydrogen____ & __helium___ ) Create ___energy______ through fusion *Fusion is ___joining two nuclei together________ Fusion will only occur after the star reaches an internal temperature of ____15 million degrees Celsius!______ The ___sun____ is the closest star to Earth * Even though it’s close, it still takes light __8 minutes______ to reach the Earth.