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Div B/C Rocks and Minerals Event
Boyceville, WI
Science Olympiad Invitational
Dec. 3, 2016
Team Name, Team #, Competitor Names Go on Next Page – Write
them there now
Do NOT look at samples or start answering until you are directed to do so.
Questions are on the station sheets with the samples.
All answers are to be written on the answer pages in this packet, in the correct
space/blank (there are cues on the answer sheet that go with the station questions).
If we can’t easily read or understand what you write, it will be counted as incorrect
If you separate the pages – write your team name, team # and competitor names at
the top of each page. Reassemble them in correct order when time is up.
You may pick up the samples – treat them gently. Do NOT lick or taste any sample.
Tools at some stations in cups – test but don’t abuse samples. You always have your
finger nail.
Do not write on or attempt to change any labels on the samples – DQ your team
Leave everything as you found it at the station when you leave for next.
Timed stations – May not go back to stations.
*Tie-Breaker questions are marked with * (asterisk). They will not be scored as part
of the test, but will be used in the case of ties.
Rocks and Minerals
Boyceville Science Olympiad Invite – Dec. 3, 2016
School: ____________________ Team Name _______________________
Competitor Names: _______________________
Team #_______
______________________
Use this sheet for all of your answers. Do not write on the station sheets. There are 98 points possible.
Tie-breaker questions are indicated by an asterisk (*).
1.
sedimentary structure ____________________________
water motion:
how you can tell:
2.
Name
Composition
A - __________________________
__________________
B - __________________________
__________________
How you can tell them apart:
General name of mineral property: ________________________
Optical property of sample B : ___________________________
3.
(give letter and rock name, in order of metamorphic grade ):
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
Lowest grade ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Highest Grade
Shared metamorphic texture: _________________________
*Explain cause of the texture:
4. Mineral names (give Letter and name):
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
What they have in common: _____________________________________________
5.
Sample not belonging letter and name: ____________________________
Explain why:
6. give sample letter and name in order (highest to lowest):
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
Highest energy --------------------------------------------------------------------- Lowest energy
Explain how you determined the order:
7. Provide Letter and Name
_____________________
Location X
_____________________
_____________________
Location Y
Location Z
8. only the igneous rocks, in order from nearest surface to deepest:
Letter
On or near earth surface
Deepest in crust
Name
9.
possible parent rock sample(s) letter(s) –
name(s)
metamorphic samples
letter - name


Texture term for the metamorphic rocks: _________________________________
10. Letter and Name of igneous rocks, in order
Most Mafic --------------------------------------------------------- Most Felsic
Intrusive: ______________________
Extrusive equiv: ______________________
11.
______________________
______________________
mineral name: _______________________,
_____________________
______________________
mineral class: _________________
metamorphic grade: __________________________
*Explain how can tell metamorphic grade:
12. specific gravity of A = __________
show math here:
Sample A Name ______________________ A compositon: _______________________
Sample B Name ______________________ B compositon: _______________________
13.
Name
Chemical
Composition
Mineral
Class
Crystal
System
Polymorph
Name
Polymorph’s
Crystal
System
A
B
*Product of reaction with acid: _______________________________
14.
Letter
Last to form
Mineral Name
______ _______________________
(lowest crystallization temp.)
______ _______________________
______ _______________________
______ _______________________
First to form
______ _______________________
(highest crystallization temp.)
Crystallization sequence is named after: ____________________________
15.
Mineral Name
Gemstone variety name(s)
Sample A
__________________
_________________
_________________
Sample B
__________________
_________________
_________________
Element for Sample B _____________________
*Explain different colors:
16. What mineral ______________________ (1 pt)
This mineral does not form naturally in south-central Minnesota.
Explain how samples got to a south- central Minnesota gravel pit:
(2 pt)
Refer to the MN bedrock geologic map on next page. Put a bold “x” on the map in all the
mapped rock locations where this substance would have formed naturally in what is now
Minnesota.
(2 pt)
*Explain how and inside what other rock type the mineral formed, and what causes its
color variations. Be as specific as possible:
(2 pt)
Note – in event of a tie remaining after the other tie-breakers are considered, the quality and thoroughness of
this answer will be evaluated to break the tie.
2016 Division B/C Boyceville Invite
Dec. 3, 2016
Rocks and Minerals
School: ____
Key ________________
Names: _______________________
1.
______________________
sedimentary structure ______ripple marks______
water motion: current from C toward A
how you can tell: asymmetric with the steep side pointing down stream (longer side pointing upstream)
2.
Name
Composition
A - ____halite________
____NaCl______
B - ______calcite ________
______CaCO3________
How you tell them apart: by their shapes (A is cubic, 90o, and B is slanted angles (rhomohedral)
General name of mineral property: ___cleavage_____
Optical property of sample B : ___double refraction (birefringence)____
3. Lowest grade ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Highest Grade
__E - slate___
___A - phyllite_____
__B – schist _____
___D - gneiss____
Metamorphic texture name: ____foliated (foliation) _____
*Cause of the texture: ____the mineral grains are aligned in response to pressure__________
4. Mineral names (give Letter and name):
___A – hematite _____
____B- magnetite ____
___C - hematite____
____E - pyrite_____
[D is quartzite – meta rock]
Have in common: ___ all contain Fe (iron) __________
5. Sample letter and name: ___B – calcite _____
Why?: it’s a carbonate and the others are silicates
A(talc) C (plagioclase) D (quartz)
6. provide letter and name
_C conglomerate_
_E conglomerate (course sandstone)_
_A sandstone__
_B shale _
Highest energy --------------------------------------------------------------------- Lowest energy
Explain how you determined the order: by grain size - the larger the grain size the higher the energy
(smaller the grain size the lower the energy), so they are ordered based on the size of the grains C is
largest, B is smallest, E larger than A
[D is scoria]
7. Provide Letter and Name
___D – basalt _____
______C - andesite______
Location X
Location Y
Location Z
8. only the igneous rocks
Letter
On or near earth surface
E Obsidian
A Diorite
Deepest in crust
C granite
B granite
[D is not igneous – conglomerate]
_____B - gneiss_____
Name
9.
metamorphic samples
letter - name
B - Marble
E - quartzite
possible parent rock
sample(s) letter(s)
D - limestone
A - sandstone
[C is gypsum]
Texture term: ___non-foliated__
10. Letter and Name
Most Mafic --------------------------------------------------------- Most Felsic
______C - gabbro _____
extrusive equiv: ________basalt________
11.
_______D - diorite_______
________andesite______
_______B - granite______
_______ rhyolite______
mineral name: ____garnet_(almandine)______, mineral class: ___silicate___
metamorphic grade: ____medium regional (amphibolite)___
*Explain: garnet forms (is stable) at the temperature/pressure conditions described as medium regional;
under lower temperature pressure conditions the garnets would not yet crystallize; and if the
temperature/pressure grade when higher, any garnets that had formed would be unstable and recrystallize into a different mineral that is stable at the higher grade conditions
12. specific gravity of A = __4.5____
math: 36/(36-28) = 36/8 = 4.5
Sample A Name ___Barite___ compositon: ____BaSO4________
Sample B Name ____Gypsum_______ compositon: ____CaSO4-H2O_________
13.
Name
Composition
C
Mineral
Class
element
Crystal
System
hexagonal
Polymorph
Name
diamond
A
graphite
B
calcite
CaCO3
carbonate
Hexagonal
(trigonal)
Aragonite
(vaterite)
Polymorph’s
Crystal System
Cubic
(isometric)
Orthorhombic
(pseudohexagonal)
*Product of reaction with acid: ____carbon dioxide gas___________
14.
Letter
Last to form
Mineral Name
__C__ ___quartz______
__D__ ___muscovite___
__E__ ___orthoclase___
__A__ ___biotite_______
First to form
__B__ ___olivine______
Named after: ___ Norman Bowen____
15.
Mineral Name
Sample A
___corundum_____
Sample B
___beryl______
Gemstone name(s)
___ruby______
____aquamarine___
____sapphire____
___emerald_____
Name of element for Sample B ____beryllium_______
*Explain colors: substitution in the crystal lattice of trace amounts of different elements (usually
transition metals) causes the different colors – changes the energies of the electromagnetic fields
inside the crystal lattice so different energies in the electron transitions when interacting with light
e.g. chromium that substitutes in the crystal for aluminum = pink to deep red = ruby
iron or titanium substituting for aluminum in the crystal structure has a blue color = sapphire
he pale blue color of aquamarine is attributed to Fe2+. The Fe3+ ions produce golden-yellow color, and when
both Fe2+ and Fe3+ are present, the color is a darker blue
Emerald refers to green beryl, colored by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium
16. What is it ___agate____
Explain how samples got to south – central Minnesota gravel pit:
Glacial deposits – glaciers transported them there
Although agates originated in the basaltic rocks along the North Shore,glaciers that advanced into Minnesota from the
northeast, brought agate-bearing gravel into the central and southern parts of the state.
Refer to the MN bedrock geologic map on next page. Put a bold “x” on the map in all the
mapped rock locations that this substance does form naturally in Minnesota.
*Explain where in Minnesota (e.g. in what other MN rock) and how the substance forms. Be
as specific as possible.
Agates form in cavities in volcanic rocks (basalt) near the North Shore of Lake Superion. As mineralrich water circulates through the cavities, silica (SiO2), or quartz, is deposited in layers along cavity
walls. Eventually, the cavities completely fill with this banded variety of quartz. The color variations
are due to slight mineral impurities in the water. Iron, for example, causes much of the red and orange
color seen in Lake Superior agates.