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1. – 65. 1. Name this protein. actin 2. Name this specific band. H Band 3. Name this unit. Fascicle (fasciculus) 4. Name this unit. Myofiber (muscle cell) 5. Name this protein. myosin 6. Name bluish CT perimysium 7. Name this dark line. M line 8. Name these specific dark lines. Z line 9. Name these purple structures. mitochondria 10. Name this entire structure. myofiber 11. Name these blue structures. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 12. Name these yellow structures. Transverse tubules 13. Name this unit. triad 14. Name this entire unit; it is the smallest unit of a muscle contraction (red bracket). sarcomere 15. Name the cytoplasm inside sarcoplasm 16. Name this covering. muscle epimysium 2 3 17. Which is the crossbridge? 1 4 4 1 2 18. Which is in the contacted state? 2 19. What is the name of this myofilament? actin 20. What is the name of this molecule? ATP 21. What is the SPECIFIC role of this molecule in muscle contraction? Allows myosin to perform a(n)__________ so actin is pulled inward. power stroke 22. What is the name of the 3 purple protrin complex? troponin 23. What happens to the width of the A band during contraction? Stays the same What condition are these muscles in? hypertrophy 25. What is represented by the green circles in this diagram? calcium 26. Where specifically is calcium stored in the muscle? Sarcoplasmic reticulum 27. What is the name of the gray molecule? tropomyosin 28. What is the other source for recharging the ATP battery in the muscles? (this compound is unique to muscles) Creatine phosphate 29.What is the specific function of calcium in a muscle contraction? Calcium ions bind to_________ which causes a change in the conformation of the tropomyosin complex that exposes the myosin binding sites on the actin filament. troponin. 30. What is this known as? Sliding filament theory 31. What is this set-up called? Motor unit 32. The products of aerobic respiration are water, ATP, and _____. Carbon dioxide 33. Name this red area shown by red arrow. Motor end plate 34. Name this yellow structure of which you see the end of. Motor neuron 35. Name these blue “containers”. Synaptic vescicles 36. What is the general name for the compound that is in these blue “containers”. neurotransmitter 37. Name these structures shown by red arrows. Transverse tubules 38. Name this entire area shown by bracket. Neuromuscular junction 39. During the contraction of a sarcomere, calcium ions bind with the protein _____. troponin 40. This is a graph of a muscle contraction. What is it called? myogram 41. Name this blue part of a muscle twitch. Latent period 42. Name this red part of a muscle twitch. Contraction Contraction period period 43. What is the bracketed part of this graph representing dealing with a muscle contraction? Treppe or summation Tetanus (tetanic contraction) 44. What is the bracketed part of this graph representing dealing with a muscle contraction? 45. Choose the type of muscular contraction shown below. isotonic 46. The reddish brown color of muscle is due to the presence of _____ molecules myoglobin 47. Which molecule is produced during exercise, resulting in the oxygen debt? Lactic acid 48. Would there be mostly slow twitch or fast twitch fibers in this part of your Thanksgiving Turkey? Fast twitch 49. The minimum stimulus needed to cause a contraction is called the _____. Threshold stimulus 50. What type of muscle is found in these structures? Smooth muscle 51. A large broad sheet of connective tissue, such as on the abdomen or head, that muscles can attach to is called what? aponeurosis 52. – 57. NAME THE MUSCULAR DISORDER/DISEASE . 52. state of muscular rigidity that begins 34 hours after death and lasts about 24 hours •After death, Ca+2 ions leak out of the SR and allow myosin heads to bind to actin •Since ATP synthesis has ceased, crossbridges cannot detach from actin until proteolytic enzymes begin to digest the decomposing cells. Rigor mortis 53. an involuntary and forcibly contracted muscle that does not relax cramp 54. a group of muscle-destroying deseases inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait; the muscle shrinks and no longer contracts; it is due to the absence of a protein that “props” up the muscle cell. Muscular dystrophy 55. This disorder causes extreme muscle fatigue It is an autoimmune disease - one's own body makes antibodies against one’s own ACh receptors Myasthenia gravis 56. A bacteria from undercooked foods produces a toxin which prevents ACh release at the N-M Junction •The result is no muscle stimulation and no muscle movement; results in paralysis and death botulism 57. This bacterial disease heightens the chemical signal from the nerve to the muscle which causes the muscles to continuously tighten up in a huge continuous contraction or spasm. tetanus 58. – 65. WRITE WHETHER EACH STATEMENT DESCRIBES SLOW TWITCH OR FAST TWITCH MUSCLES. 58. When your muscles hypertrophy, these are the fibers that get larger. fast 59. These are red. slow 60. These are easily fatigued. fast 61. These are best in long slow sustained contractions. slow 62. These have more mitochondria. slow 63. These would be more prominent in marathon runners than sprinters. slow 64. These do not have the specialized myoglobin. fast 65. Would be more numerous in leg muscles that pectoral muscles. slow THE END