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Astronomy Days 153 Major Topic: Spring & Southern Constellations Objectives Students will be able to: 9SI#3 recognize the more easily-identifiable spring & southern-sky constellations & the bright stars in them. relate some of the constellations to mythological stories. Materials A3P Constellation handouts Constellations WS’s 1, 2, 3 Celestia PowerPoint slides of M4, M8, M20, Helix Nebula, Hyades, Pleiades, Eskimo Nebula, Beehive Cluster, Sombrero Galaxy, Ring Nebula, North American Nebula, M13, Dumbbell Nebula, caduceus, Eagle Nebula, Horsehead nebula, Great Nebula (M42), Cone Nebula, Rosette Nebula, coal sack. Procedure Cancer, faintest of all zodiac constellations. Beehive Cluster (M44) is just to the upper right of the center star. Leo, the lion. Directly under the Big Dipper, the brightest star is Regulus (king of the stars, 80 LY away & 100X sun’s brightness.) 2nd brightest star is Denebola, lion’s hindquarters. Regulus is almost exactly on the ecliptic. This part of the sky with the Bear & Lion is the “carnivore’s corner.” Right under a line between Regulus & Denebola are several galaxies. Leo Minor, the lion cub, a small constellation right over the lion’s back. Virgo, the virgin. Her head is right under Leo’s tail & she’s reclining on a couch. Only bright star is Spica which means “ear of wheat.” Spica is a white star (hot), about 220 LY away, & 2000X the sun’s brightness. A whole group of galaxies is to the left of Leo’s tail & above Virgo’s head. The Sombrero Galaxy (M104) is due west of Spica. Virgo is usually associated with goddesses of fertility (Ishtar) & harvest (Demeter) in mythology. Hydra, the sea serpent. Head’s under Cancer. Runs under Leo, Crater, Corvus, Virgo. Tail’s near Libra. Corvus & Crater, crow & cup. Apollo sent the crow to get him a drink. The crow was delayed coming back because he ate a juicy fig. He snatched up a snake to use as his alibi, saying the snake (Hydra) had bitten him. Apollo knew he was lying & placed all 3 in the sky to keep them out of trouble. Libra, the balance of justice, associated with Themis. Very faint, no bright stars. Zuben Elgenubi (southern claw) and Zuben Eschamali (northern claw). σ-Libris (lower right star) is the only greenish naked-eye star visible. Crux, the southern cross. Directly under Scorpius. The longer arm points almost directly at the South Celestial Pole. Brightest & most southern star is Acrux. Coal sack (dark nebula) is just to the left. Centaurus, the centaur (Chiron, the tutor of the gods’ children). Arches over Crux. Brightest stars are the centaur’s front hooves, Rigil Kentaurus and Hadar, also called ά- and β-Centauri. Our closest neighbor, Proxima Centauri, a red dwarf star 4 LY away, is due south of alpha Centauri. It’s so faint that it can’t be seen with the naked eye. It’s only about 5 times larger than the earth. Lupus, the wolf. Right under the head of Scorpius & just to the left of Centaurus, a really busy star region. In one legend, the Centaur is battling the wolf. The only famous star is a variable star: RU Lupi (say it out loud!) Magellanic Clouds – not constellations at all, but small irregular companion galaxies to the MWG. Probably all that’s left over of a larger galaxy that was cannibalized by the MW millions of years ago. Only 15-20o 1. HW: Spring and Southern Constellations WS. 2. Evaluation: WS, quiz later. Name / 20 pts Spring & Southern-Sky Constellations On the starfields below, draw the outline of each constellation. Leo Virgo 1.) On the Leo starfield, draw arrows to and label the two stars Regulus and Denebola. 2.) On the Virgo starfield, draw an arrow to & label the bright star Spica. Corvus (left) and Crater Crux Hydra Centaurus, Crux, and Lupus (All the stars not attached to other stars are part of Centaurus. Alpha & Beta Centauri are labelled to help you start the outline of Centaurus.) 3.) On the Crux starfield, draw an arrow to and label the star Acrux. continue on the back!! Match the common name of the constellation on the left with the proper name. Match the constellation or question on the left with all correct stars or objects on the right. Some constellations may require more than 1 right answer, or no answer at all. drinking cup A. Leo scales B. Leo Minor Lupus centaur C. Virgo Leo B. Under Leo wolf D. Hydra Leo Minor C. “bowl” little lion E. Corvus Virgo D. Acrux many-headed dragon F. Crater Hydra E. Regulus crow G. Libra Crater F. sickle southern cross H. Crux Corvus G. Spica lion I. Centaurus Libra H. Over Leo’s back virgin J. Lupus Crux I. Denebola Centaurus J. Rigil Kentaurus Magellanic clouds K. Hadar A. Apollo sent it for a drink. L. attacking the centaur M. companion galaxies O. closest star to earth 4.) Which constellation can be used as a “pointer” towards the South Celestial Pole? Key to Spring and Southern-Sky Constellations WS Match the common name of the constellation on the left with the proper name. Match the constellation or question on the left with all correct stars or objects on the right. Some constellations may require more than 1 right answer, or no answer at all. F drinking cup A. Leo G scales B. Leo Minor L Lupus I centaur C. Virgo EFI Leo B. Under Leo J wolf D. Hydra H Leo Minor C. “bowl” B little lion E. Corvus G Virgo D. Acrux D many-headed dragon F. Crater B Hydra E. Regulus E crow G. Libra BC Crater F. sickle H southern cross H. Crux AB Corvus G. Spica A lion I. Centaurus Libra H. Over Leo’s back C virgin J. Lupus D Crux I. Denebola JKO Centaurus J. Rigil Kentaurus M Magellanic clouds K. Hadar A. Apollo sent it for a drink. L. attacking the centaur M. companion galaxies O. closest star to earth 4.) Which constellation can be used as a “pointer” towards the South Celestial Pole? Crux