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Renaissance Era Study Guide Status symbol: Education o Includes Music as a required subject Renaissance: “re-birth” Martin Luther – attached the 95 Theses to a catholic church door, detailed grievances against the church Technology: o Printing Press – birth of the commercial music industry o Invention and advancement of instruments Harpsichord – plucked strings Sacbut – early trombone o Girls and boys received music education Women were expected to play to entertain family and guests o Secular: Madrigals (England and Italy) Chansons (France) England: Pastoral life, lighter/happier/funny John Farmer: wrote madrigals in the Italian style, imported them in a book “Musica Transalpina” Italy: Court life, chivalry, love, loss, emotion – heavier Jaques Arcadelt – Belgian, lived and worked in Italy, sometimes in France Word painting – when the music reflects the meaning of the text Secular Instrumental Music: Dance music 1) Sacred Renaissance Music a) Lutheran – language of the people, everyone sings b) Catholic – Latin, only sung by male church hoomans c) Motet – sacred, Latin, based on popular style d) Polyphonic – “many sounds” multiple simultaneous lines e) Council of Trent – need to simplify music to clarify text i) Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina’s music solved the problem and maintained polyphonic music (1) Pope Marcellus Mass ii) Thomas Tallis – Personal composer of King Henry VIII (Tudor) of England iii) William Byrd – Personal composer of Queen Elizabeth I (Tudor) f) Cantus firmus: “fixed melody” which is the foundation of a sacred work g) A cappella – music for only voices h) Imitation – voices imitate one another in different registers and at different times