Download 1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or other

1. A solid material made up of one
or more minerals or other
substances, including the remains of
once-living things is a ___.
2. A layer of solid rock that surrounds
Earth’s surface is the ___.
3. The study of planet Earth,
including Earth’s surface and interior
is ___.
4. Scientists who study Earth and the
processes that have shaped earth
over time are called ___.
5. A sphere of hot, solid metal inside
the earth is the ___ ___.
6. A layer of molten (liquid) iron and
nickel that surrounds the inner core is
the __ __.
7. A thick layer of hot, mostly solid
material that surrounds the outer
core is the ___.
8. The rigid outer covering of earth
made up of the crust and the
uppermost part of the mantle is the
___.
9. The molten part of the mantle that
the tectonic plates “float” on is the
___.
10. A solid, inorganic material that
forms naturally on or beneath Earth’s
surface that has a crystalline structure
and a definite chemical composition
is a ___.
11. The color of a mineral’s powder is
the ___.
12. When a mineral breaks apart
easily along flat surfaces that is ___.
13. When a mineral breaks apart
along irregular surfaces that is ___.
14. Molten material inside Earth is
___.
15. Molten material that reaches
Earth’s surface is ___.
16. Rock formed when magma or
lava cools and hardens is ___ rock.
17. Rock formed when particles of
rock and other materials are pressed
and stuck together is ___ rock.
18. Particles of rock or material from
living things that can settle in layers is
___.
19. The movement of sediment form
place to place is ___.
20. When sediment is laid down that
is called ___.
21. Rock formed from high heat and
great pressure deep beneath Earth’s
surface is ___ rock.
22. A series of processes on and
beneath Earth’s surface that slowly
change rocks from one kind to
another is the ___ ___.
23. The remains of living things that
lived long, long ago are ___.
24. A person who studies fossils is a
___.
25. The process that turns living
things, like bones, into rocks is ___.
26. What are 5 characteristics of
minerals?
27. What are six properties of
minerals?
28. What are the two ways a
mineral may break?
29. How much mass is contained
in a given volume is ___.
30. What is the table that will tell
you which mineral will scratch
another mineral?
31. What is the softest mineral on
Moh’s Hardness Scale?
32. What is the hardest mineral
on Moh’s Hardness Scale?
33. What do geologists use to
classify rocks?
34. What are the three major
groups of rocks?
35. What are the two types of
igneous rock?
36. Igneous rock formed on
Earth’s surface is called ___
igneous rock.
37. Igneous rock formed beneath
the Earth’s surface is called ___
igneous rock.
38. What are the three types of
sedimentary rock?
39. A type of sedimentary rock
formed when dissolved minerals
come out of solution and form
crystals, like halite, or rock salt is
called ___ sedimentary rock.
40. The type of sedimentary rock
formed when pieces of rock that
have been pressed and stuck
together, like conglomerate rock is
called ___ rock.
41. The type of sedimentary rock
that is formed from the remains of
living things, like coal and
limestone is called ___
sedimentary rock.
42. The type of rock that most
fossils are found in is ___ rock.
43. What must occur for
metamorphic rock to become
sedimentary rock?
44. What must happen for
metamorphic rock to become
igneous rock?
45. What must happen for
igneous rock to become
metamorphic rock?
46. Number the steps correctly
for petrification to occur.
___ the bone decays
___ animal dies
___ water seeps into bones
___ the remains get buried under
sediment, like sand
___ minerals from the water replace
minerals from the bone forming a rock
___ the tissue decays or rots away
47. What is the approximate
depth from the surface of the
earth to the inner core?
Check
your
answers!
1. A solid material made up of one
or more minerals or other
substances, including the remains of
once-living things is a ___.
Rock
2. A layer of solid rock that surrounds
Earth’s surface is the ___.
Crust
3. The study of planet Earth,
including Earth’s surface and interior
is ___.
Geology
4. Scientists who study Earth and the
processes that have shaped earth
over time are called ___.
Geologists
5. A sphere of hot, solid metal inside
the earth is the ___ ___.
Inner core
6. A layer of molten (liquid) iron and
nickel that surrounds the inner core is
the __ __.
Outer core
7. A thick layer of hot, mostly solid
material that surrounds the outer
core is the ___.
Mantle
8. The rigid outer covering of earth
made up of the crust and the
uppermost part of the mantle is the
___.
Lithosphere
9. The molten part of the mantle that
the tectonic plates “float” on is the
___.
Aesthenosphere
10. A solid, inorganic material that
forms naturally on or beneath Earth’s
surface that has a crystalline structure
and a definite chemical composition
is a ___.
Mineral
11. The color of a mineral’s powder is
the ___.
Streak
12. When a mineral breaks apart
easily along flat surfaces that is ___.
Cleavage
13. When a mineral breaks apart
along irregular surfaces that is ___.
Fracture
14. Molten material inside Earth is
___.
Magma
15. Molten material that reaches
Earth’s surface is ___.
Lava
16. Rock formed when magma or
lava cools and hardens is ___ rock.
Igneous rock
17. Rock formed when particles of
rock and other materials are pressed
and stuck together is ___ rock.
Sedimentary
18. Particles of rock or material from
living things that can settle in layers is
___.
Sediment
19. The movement of sediment form
place to place is ___.
Erosion
20. When sediment is laid down that
is called ___.
Deposition
21. Rock formed from high heat and
great pressure deep beneath Earth’s
surface is ___ rock.
Metamorphic
22. A series of processes on and
beneath Earth’s surface that slowly
change rocks from one kind to
another is the ___ ___.
Rock Cycle
23. The remains of living things that
lived long, long ago are ___.
Fossils
24. A person who studies fossils is a
___.
Paleontologist
25. The process that turns living
things, like bones, into rocks is ___.
Petrification
26. What are 5 characteristics of
minerals?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Solid
Inorganic (non-living)
Naturally occurring
Crystalline structure
Definite chemical composition
27. What are six properties of
minerals?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Hardness
Color
Streak
Luster
How it breaks
Density
28. What are the two ways a
mineral may break?
a. Fracture
b. Cleavage
29. How much mass is contained
in a given volume is ___.
Density
30. What is the table that will tell
you which mineral will scratch
another mineral?
Moh’s Hardness Scale
31. What is the softest mineral on
Moh’s Hardness Scale?
Talc
32. What is the hardest mineral
on Moh’s Hardness Scale?
Diamond
33. What do geologists use to
classify rocks?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Color
Texture
Composition
How it is formed
34. What are the three major
groups of rocks?
a. Igneous rock
b. Sedimentary rock
c. Metamorphic rock
35. What are the two types of
igneous rock?
a. Intrusive
b. Extrusive
36. Igneous rock formed on
Earth’s surface is called ___
igneous rock.
Extrusive
37. Igneous rock formed beneath
the Earth’s surface is called ___
igneous rock.
Intrusive
38. What are the three types of
sedimentary rock?
a. Clastic
b. Organic
c. Chemical
39. A type of sedimentary rock
formed when dissolved minerals
come out of solution and form
crystals, like halite, or rock salt is
called ___ sedimentary rock.
Chemical
40. The type of sedimentary rock
formed when pieces of rock that
have been pressed and stuck
together, like conglomerate rock is
called ___ sedimentary rock.
Clastic
41. The type of sedimentary rock
that is formed from the remains of
living things, like coal and
limestone is called ___
sedimentary rock.
Organic
42. The type of rock that most
fossils are found in is ___ rock.
Sedimentary
43. What must occur for
metamorphic rock to become
sedimentary rock?
Weathering
Erosion
Compaction
cementation
44. What must happen for
metamorphic rock to become
igneous rock?
Melting
Cooling
45. What must happen for
igneous rock to become
metamorphic rock?
Heat
Pressure
46. Number the steps correctly
for petrification to occur.
_5_ the bone decays
_1_ animal dies
_4_ water seeps into bones
_2_ the remains get buried under
sediment, like sand
_6_ minerals from the water replace
minerals from the bone forming a rock
_3_ the tissue decays or rots away
47. What is the approximate
depth from the surface of the
earth to the inner core?
6370 km