Download Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech
If you pretend that the English language
is like an apple, this would be the apple
core. Everything begins with…
Can you guess?
That’s right!
PARTS OF SPEECH!
The Great Eight
Part of Speech
Function
Examples
Noun
Thing or person
pen, dog, work, music, town,
London, teacher, John
Verb
Action or state
(to) be, have, do, like, work, sing,
can, must
Adjective
Describes a noun
2, some, good, big, red, well,
interesting
Adverb
Describes a verb
quickly, silently, well, badly, very,
really
Pronoun
Replaces a noun
I, you, he, she, some
Preposition
Links a noun to another word
to, at, after, on, but
Conjunction
Joins sentences or words
and, but, when
Interjection
Short exclamation
oh!, ouch!, hi!, well
NOUNS
Let’s start at the beginning.
Nouns are words that NAME things.
Nouns = Names
There are FOUR types of nouns:
1. Common Nouns
2. Proper Nouns
3. Collective Nouns
4. Abstract Nouns
NOUNS
COMMON NOUNS
These are the easiest – they are everywhere!
Common nouns provide names for everyday,
ordinary objects.
BALLOONS 
 COW
 GLASSES
NOUNS
PROPER NOUNS
These give names to specific things – places,
names of peoples or things. Proper nouns are
easy to spot! They begin with capital letters.
 Miss Potgieter
The Eiffel Tower 
NOUNS
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
These are words used to name groups of things.
It is not a plural, but the name for a group of
plurals.
 FLOCK OF DUCKS
PACK OF DOGS 
NOUNS
ABSTRACT NOUNS
These are the names given to those things you
cannot physically see or touch, such as feelings.
 LOVE

HAPPINESS
VERBS
Now that you know all about nouns, you need to
know what to DO with them! That’s where verbs
come in. They are doing/action words.
Verbs also come in different shapes and sizes and
this is what you will need to know.
1. The Infinitive
2. The Regular Verb
3. The Auxillary and the Participle
VERBS
THE INFINITIVE
This is where verbs are born. The verb simply
exists. It does not relate to a specific subject or
object. You can easily identify them by looking for
the word “to” that stands before it.
*TO JUMP*
*TO SING*
*TO BREATHE* *TO WISH* *TO EAT*
*TO BE* *TO FEEL* *TO SMILE* *TO LAUGH*
VERBS
THE REGULAR VERB
There isn’t really such a thing as normal. If verbs
could be boring, this is what they would look
like. They control themselves and do not need
help to function. They are pretty straightforward.
- Kate talks to James
- Kate talked to James
# We will look at tenses in more detail a bit later on.
VERBS
THE AUXILLARY AND THE PARTICIPLE
This is a bit more tricky, but you’re smart. I know
you’ll get this!
Sometimes verbs need a little help in order to
make sense. Meet the helping/auxillary verb.
• Kate is talking to James
• Kate has talked to James
Do you see the difference from our regular
verb?
VERBS
When we use an auxillary verb something
interesting happens. It’s as if the verb is
suddenly split into two parts. The first is called
the auxillary, but what is the second part called?
That’s right! The participle. Have a look:
 Kate is talking to James
 Kate has talked to James
The two halves (auxillary + participle) together form
the verb!
ADJECTIVES
Do you remember the four nouns you have learned about:
1. Common nouns
2. Proper nouns
3. Collective nouns
4. Abstract nouns
Just think about how boring and vague sentences would
be if we didn’t describe nouns!
There is a big difference between:
a YOUNG woman and an OLD woman
Don’t you agree?
What do we call the words that describe nouns?
ADJECTIVES 
Adjectives can be used to describe ANY type of noun.
ADVERBS
You know that you can describe nouns. Next we
will learn about describing verbs. We don’t just
DO things, we do things in a specific way:
1. Time
2. Place
3. Manner
These are the names of the different types of
adverbs that we get.
•
ADVERBS
Adverbs of TIME
These refer to when you do certain things
“Yesterday I eagerly gulped down my cereal upstairs.”
It also includes for how long or how often you did something.
•
Adverbs of PLACE
These refer to where you do certain things
“Yesterday I eagerly gulped down my cereal upstairs.”
They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.
•
Adverbs of MANNER
These refer to how you do certain things
“Yesterday I eagerly gulped down my cereal upstairs.”
It usually ends in -ly.
PRONOUNS
Pronouns allow us to replace nouns with other
words so that the sentence is not awkward or
“lumpy”.
There are four types you’ll need to know:
1. Personal
2. Interrogative
3. Reflexive
4. Demonstrative
PRONOUNS
PERSONAL pronouns replace
*people, places, things and ideas*
Jane enjoys eating chocolate = She enjoys eating chocolate
Paris is beautiful = It is beautiful
• He
• She
• It
• We
• They
PRONOUNS
•
•
•
•
•
•
INTERROGATIVE pronouns pose questions
How?
Who?
What?
Where?
When?
Which?
PRONOUNS
REFLEXIVE pronouns “reflect” the person to
whom the pronoun refers.
Imagine a mirror… What would you see?
• yourSELF
• himSELF
• herSELF
• themSELVES
• ourSELVES
PRONOUNS
DEMONSTRATIVE pronouns refer to the thing
you would be pointing at.
• That
• This
• These
• Those
PREPOSITIONS
Just by looking at the word PREPOSITION, we
learn something about it.
Prepositions tell us the position of one thing in
relation to another.
Imagine you have been given a box.
You can move around it and all the words
describing where you are in relation to
the box is a preposition.
-Next to-Over-Above-Beneath-Under-AgainstYou get the idea!
CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions are words that join two parts of a
sentence.
• I was exhausted.
because
I had stayed up too late the night before.
• We went to the beach
and
swam the whole day
There are others too – but, although, so, as long as, since
INTERJECTIONS
Interjections are small words that bear no grammatical
connection with the sentences in which they are used. They
express the emotions or sentiments of the speaker or
convey hesitation or protest. They are usually followed by
an exclamation mark.
#Oh!
#Oops!
#Ouch!
#Wow!
#Yay!
Parts of Speech
Well, there you go!
You’ve carefully studied
the core of the English language.
This is just the first step in a journey
peeling away the layers of this English apple.
Let’s see you put what you know into practice!