Download Athens and Sparta - Greek Worlds Apart Athenian Art What

Athens and Sparta - Greek Worlds Apart
Directions: Read the description for each Athenian or Spartan technology. In the box next to it, find possible influences in your notes from the politics, culture, geography, or history of each city­state that may have had a role in creating this technology/artifact. Then, list some modern­day comparisons to each advancement. Athenian Art Athenian art is some of the most unique in the world. They were not only master builders and architects, they were also great lovers of art. Their artistic talents can be viewed through many different forms which have survived for centuries, such as architectural designs, sculptures, pottery, and fine jewelry. Theater of Dionysia What influenced this technology or artifact? Modern­day comparisons What influenced this technology or artifact? At the Theater of Dionysia, named after the god of wine, one of the greatest events of the year was performed. It was a religious festival held in honor of the gods. For ten days, Athenians filled Modern­day comparisons the theatre to watch plays performed by their favorite poets and playwrights. They consisted of either three tragedies or three comedies followed by a short satyr farce. The actors were all men. Women were not allowed to participate. They wore large masks and elaborate costumes while performing both male and female roles. The cost for entrance to the theatre was two obols. Those who did not have the money to pay were allowed in at no cost. Olympic Games What influenced this technology or artifact? The Olympic Games were the greatest national festival for the Athenians. Held every four years, athletes came from all regions of Greece to Modern­day comparisons compete in the great Stadium of Olympia and honor their supreme god, Zeus. The most important of the competitions was the pentathlon, where an athlete competed in five different events. At the conclusion of The Games, the winners were presented garlands and crowned with olive wreaths. Athenian Aqueduct What influenced this technology or artifact? The first Greek large­scale water management projects occurred in the 7th century BC and were usually to supply communal drinking fountains. Modern­day comparisons Both Samos and Athens were supplied by long­distance aqueducts from the 6th century BCE. aqueducts were a means to transport water from one place to another, achieving a regular and controlled water supply to a place which would not otherwise have received sufficient water to meet basic needs such as irrigation of food crops and drinking fountains. They may take the form of underground tunnels, networks of surface channels and canals, covered clay pipes or monumental bridges. Spartan Armor What influenced this technology or A hoplite typically had a bronze, muscled breastplate, a helmet with cheek plates, as well as greaves and other shin armor. They carried a bowl­shaped wood and bronze shield called an aspis or hoplon, and when worn a dispus. It was very heavy and protected the warrior from chin to knee. In Spartan military culture, throwing away a soldiers hoplon during a retreat like other routed hoplites was not acceptable. artifact? Modern­day comparisons Spartan Spear What influenced this technology or artifact? Their primary weapon was a spear around 7­9 feet (2.7 meters) in length called a doru. The doru had a leaf shaped spearhead on the business Modern­day comparisons end and a spike on the other. The spike, called a “lizard killer” could be used to stand the spear up by planting it in the ground or it can be used to finish off fallen enemies that the formation is moving over. Additionally, if the spearhead broke off the spear could then be spun around and the spike used in its place. Spartan Kopis What influenced this technology or artifact? Another secondary weapon available was the kopis, a short sword with a heavy curved blade that could be used for hacking away at enemies. Although it had a point that could be used for stabbing the weapon was designed to be used almost like a hatchet. The results of the use of this weapon were gruesome, giving it a reputation as a “bad guys” weapon. In the art of Sparta’s arch rival, Athens, Spartan warriors are often depicted using the kopis. Modern­day comparisons Divide between the rich vs. the poor Directions: Use your notes and your textbook on page 131 to answer the following questions. 1. In Athens, how did the wealthy have more possibilities? 2. How does literacy promote power? 3. What primarily caused Athens to become a democracy (page 131)? 4. The rich could only afford what types of war technologies during the Dorian age? 5. The use of what metal allowed ordinary citizens the ability to defend themselves? 6. These technology advancements allowed what type of army to emerge?