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Download Human Sexuality: Diversity in Contemporary America
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Chapter 2 Understanding Human Sexuality: Theory and Research Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory • The Unconscious: Libido, Thanatos • Id, Ego, Superego • Psychosexual Stages of Development 2 Behaviorism • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning – Behavior Modification • Social Learning Theory 3 Cognitive • Thoughts • Perceptions 4 Humanistic Theory • Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs • Rogers 5 Biological Theories • Biology • Evolution 6 Other Theories • Sociological Theory • Feminist Theory • Queer Theory 7 Sex Researchers • In 19th century, Western sexuality began to be studied from a scientific framework – Fascinated with “pathologies” of sex: fetishism, sadism, masturbation, homosexuality • Since that time, a liberalizing trend in our thinking about sexuality – 20th century researchers viewed sexuality more positively 8 Sex Researchers • Three themes evident in later 20th century sex researchers’ work: – Belief that sexual expression is essential to an individual’s well being – Desire to broaden the range of legitimate sexual activity, including homosexuality – Belief that female sexuality is equal of male sexuality 9 Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902) • Psychopathia Sexualis (1886) 10 Havelock Ellis (1859-1939) • Studies in the Psychology of Sex (1897-1910) 11 Alfred Kinsey (1894-1956) • Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) • Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953) 12 Kinsey’s Scale from 0 to 6 Masters & Johnson • Human Sexual Response (1966) • Human Sexual Inadequacy (1970) 14 Large Scale Sexuality Studies • The National Health and Social Life Survey (1994) • The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2001) • National College Health Assessment (2006) 15 Scientific Methods • • • • Cases Studies Surveys Direct Observation Participant Observation 16 Experimental Research • Correlational studies • Experimental studies – Independent variables – Dependent variables • Internet-Based Research 17 Problems and Issues in Sex Research • • • • Ethical Issues Volunteer Bias Sampling Problems Reliability 18
