Download Overall course structure

Overall course structure
AI Artificial
Intelligence
(A modern approach)
AI-1
Fall semester
AI-2 Spring semester
TDT 4136
TDT4171
Logic and
reasoning systems
Methods in
artificial
intelligence
Course prehistory
Before
IT2702
Artificial Intelligence
TDT 4125
TDT4170
Logic
Knowledge systems
Now
TDT4136
TDT4171
Logic and reasoning
systems
Methods in aerificial
intelligence
Levels of intelligence
7. Can A be alive (not allowed to be killed) ?
6. Can A have a (genuine) consciousness ?
5. Can A feel real feelings (pain,sorrow,happiness)?
4. Can A think ?
3. Can A reason ?
2. Can A deduce ?
1. Can A compute ?
Replace A with human/child/embryo/ape/robot/computer
What is your opinion ?
Are you a carbon chauvinist ?
What is intelligence ?
Intelligence is the ability to solve new problems
based on earlier experience.
What is AI
Artificial Intelligence is the science of making
machines do things that would require intelligence
if done by man.
(Prof. Marvin Minsky)
AI is the study of how to make computers do
things which at the moment people do better.
(Prof. Elaine Rich)
(Horizon effect: If it works, it is no longer AI)
What is ”Artificial”
TRACTOR
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Artificial horse ?
HORSE
INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence versus
Cognitive Science
Although a computer can do logical reasoning, it does not
mean that the computer is trying to simulate a human.
In fact, computers can do logical reasoning better than
humans.
We can say, with a twist, that AI is the science of correct thinking, while
CS is the science of incorrect thinking. (Errare humane est).
LISP
• List as universal data structure
Symbolic Processing
Programming Languages
• Program = Data (= List)
•Function oriented
•Recursion
•Automatic storage allocation
•Programming environments
PROLOG
•Predicate logic as programming language
•Prediacates as programs
•Lists and terms as data structure
•Built in search method for problem solving
•”European answer to LISP”
•Chosen as basis for 5.generation computer project
Knowledge Based Systems
Knowledge
Information about the word that allows an expert to solve problems
Knowledge representation
Information about the world that allows a computer to solve problems
Knowledge base
The collection of represented knowledge
Knowledge based system
System that solves problems based on represented knowledge.
Expert system
System that can solve problems on an expert level (anyhow)
The Intelligence Pyramid
Each level is a set of
relations on the level
below
Wisdom
Intelligence
Knowledge
Information
Data
Noise
Example of classic KB system
MYCIN (1970)
•Diagnose likely infecting organisms in blood and
meningitis infections
•About 400 diagnostic rules
•About 50 therapy rules
What is understanding ?
Searle’s Chinese Room
Does the system understand Chinese ?
Is the system conscious ?
What if John has the rules in his head ?
 John
Rules