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Do You Know…
Genetics
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Do You Know… Genetics
1. A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring
through its genes is ---.
a. alleles
b. genes
c. traits
2. A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific
trait is called ---.
a. a gene
b. an allele
c. heredity
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Do You Know… Genetics
3. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called ---.
a. heredity
b. genetics
c. Punnett Square
4. The likelihood of a particular event occurring is called ---.
a. chance
b. probability
c. heredity
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Do You Know… Genetics
5. An allele whose traits always show up in the organism when
the allele is present is ---.
a. dominant
b. recessive
c. codominant
6. An organism that has two different alleles for a trait and is
considered heterozygous is called ---.
a. purebred
b. pedigree
c. hybrid
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Do You Know… Genetics
7. An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from
which is was produced is a ---.
a. clone
b. purebred
c. hybrid
8. A change in a gene or chromosome possibly caused from factors
in an organism’s environment is a ---.
a. genetic disorder
b. carrier
c. mutation
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Do You Know… Genetics
9. An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits is called ---.
a. genotype
b. alleles
c. phenotype
10. A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that
can result from a genetic cross is ---.
a. probability
b. a Punnett Square
c. a data table
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Do You Know… Genetics
11. An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combination
is called ---.
a. genotype
b. alleles
c. phenotype
12. The process that occurs in sex cells by which the number of
chromosomes is reduced by half is called ---.
a. mitosis
b. cloning
c. meiosis
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Do You Know… Genetics
13. An organism that always produces offspring with the same
form of a trait as itself is considered homozygous, or ---.
a. purebred
b. hybrid
c. codominant
14. The study of the passing of traits from parents to offspring
is called ---.
a. genetics
b. heredity
c. chemistry
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Do You Know… Genetics
15. He was a priest. He tended a monastery garden. He was a teacher.
He has been called the Father of Genetics.
a. Sir Isaac Newton
b. Albert Einstein
c. Gregor Mendel
16. A scientist that uses Punnett Squares to show all the possible
outcomes of various genetic combinations of inherited traits are ---.
a. biologists
b. chemists
c. geneticists
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Do You Know… Genetics
T
t
T
t
17. According to the Punnett Square above, which combination
will not be a possible outcome?
a. all homozygous
b. 25% homozygous
c. 75% heterozygous
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Do You Know… Genetics
__
__
__
BB
bb
__
BB
bb
18. According to the Punnett Square above, what traits will the
female parent contribute?
a. B
b. b
c. it is not represented
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Genetics
Genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity.
The passing of traits form parents to offspring is called heredity.
A young priest from central Europe named Gregor Mendel began a study of pea
plants while tending a monastery garden that led him to an understanding of how
traits are passed from parents to offspring.
Mendel was the first scientist to recognize that the principles of probability can
be used to predict the results of genetic crosses.
Geneticists use the laws of probability to help them determine the possible
outcomes from a genetic cross. A way to show these genetic crosses is to use a
Punnett Square.
An organism can be homozygous which means it will have two identical alleles for
a particular trait. These organisms are said to be purebred.
An organism can be heterozygous meaning it has two different alleles for a
particular trait and is considered to be hybrid.
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Genetics
Genetics
A Punnett Square is a method of showing the possible outcomes of genetic
crosses. This method indicates what can happen in a particular parent cross, not
necessarily what will happen.
The parent generation is the first organisms in a particular cross. The offspring
from such a cross are named according to the order they are produced. For
example, the First Filial (F1) generation would be the offspring from a first
cross. If these offspring are allowed to cross, the next offspring would then be
the F2 generation and so on. Filial means son or daughter in Latin.
Female
Parent
T
t
T
TT
Tt
t
Tt
tt
Male
Parent
Offspring
25% TT homozygous
50% Tt heterozygous
25% tt homozygous
50% are expected to be purebred; homozygous.
50% are expected to be hybrid; heterozygous.
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Tutorial Choices
Choices
Tutorial
Genetics
Hybrid
Heredity
Genetic Crosses using a
Punnett Square
Punnett Square
Parent and Filial
Gregor Mendel
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Purebred
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“Do You Know” Series is a copyrighted series
created by Ellen Thames, Spring 2006.
All clipart copyright Microsoft. Diagrams and
Tutorial information adapted from Prentice Hall
Science Explorer, 8th grade edition, 2002
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Formulas and Equations
Geology
Matter
Genetics
Physics