Download American Civil War 1861- 1865 - Mr. Condry`s Social Studies Site

American Civil War 1861- 1865
Mr. Condry’s Social Studies Class
A Divided Nation
• Northern States:
– Population was about 18 million
– Most countries recognized the Union as the government
– Contained 90 Percent of American industry and railroads
A Nation Divided
• Southern States:
– Population 9 million people, including three million slaves.
– Contained 10 percent of American industry and railroads
– Britain and France had friendly relations with the
Confederacy and considered aiding the South
Abraham Lincoln
– 16th President of the United
States of America.
– Opposed expansion of slavery.
– Led the Union during the Civil
War.
– John Wilkes Booth
assassinated Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
– President of the Confederate States of
America
– Was an officer in the United States
Army during the Mexican American
war.
– Served as the United States Secretary
of War.
– When the South surrendered, he was
charged with treason and prohibited
from running for public office ever
again.
The Generals
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
William T. Sherman
Thomas Jackson
George Meade
James Longstreet
George B. McClellan
James E.B. Stuart
Anaconda Plan
• Union General
Winfield Scott suggested
the plan to halt
Southern trade.
• The Plan would
impose a blockade
• The Union would
take control of the
Mississippi River.
• The army would divide
and isolate sections of the South and capture its vitals cities
and the capital in Richmond Virginia
Anaconda Plan
• Under General Ulysses S. Grant, the North’s
strategy kept pressure on General Robert E.
Lee’s army and constantly weakened the
numbers.
• The Larger Population of the North made this
possible.
King Cotton
• The Confederacy adopted a defensive strategy and attempted to
secure alliances with more powerful counties such as Britain and
France.
• To get support from other countries the South needed to show it
could wind the war.
• The confederate army attacked
Union territory to draw Union
troops away from the South
and to impress potential allies
• As the war continued , the Southern
strategy became one of evading the
Union army, prolonging the war,
and inflicting casualties to
demoralize the North.
Weapons of the Civil War
canister shot
artillery projectile
rifled barrel
officer’s sword
Springfield rifle, 1861
(Union)
Although the Union used many types of rifles, this was the most common.
minié ball
British Enfield rifle, 1853
(Confederacy)
Although the Confederacy used many types of rifles, this was the most common.
Uniforms
At the beginning of the Civil War, states provided uniforms to
soldiers; and the uniforms were in a variety of colors. This led to
massive confusion on the battlefield, and often soldiers fired on
their own men. As the war continued, both sides chose a single
color for their uniforms. The United States of America chose
blue, and the Confederates States of America chose gray.
Major Battles of the Civil War
Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861
• First shots of the Civil War
• Major Robert Anderson of the
United States Army and his men
came under attack from
Confederates
• The Union fought back but were
ineffective
• Union forces surrendered a day
later
South Carolina
Fort Sumter
Union
• Strength
– 85 Soldiers
• Casualties
– 0
Confederate
• Strength
– 500
• Casualties
– 0
First Bull Run/Manassas
July 21, 1861
• General Irvin McDowell led the Union
army toward Richmond Virginia.
• General P.G.T. Beauregard’s Confederate
troops intercepted them
• The battle lasted five hours.
• Confederate troops began to retreat due
to losses, except General Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson who continued to
fight.
• The reenergized Confederates pushed
McDowell’s forces out of the Area
Virginia
First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
Union
• Strength
– 35,732
– 18,000 Engaged
• Casualties
– 481 Killed
– 1,011 Wounded
– 1,216 Missing
Confederate
• Strength
– 34,000
– 18,000 Engaged
• Casualties
– 387 Killed
– 1,582 Wounded
– 13 Missing
Shiloh
April 6-7, 1862
Tennessee
• Union troops had found
Confederate General Albert
Johnston’s forces near Corinth
Road unprepared
• After suffering many losses the
Confederate forces had to retreat
• On the second day the Union
forces gained ground but due to
the exceptional defense of the
Confederacy, stopped the Union
Forces before the Confederates
retreated.
Battle of Shiloh
Union
• Strength
– 63,000
– Army of the Tennessee
• 44,895
– Army of the Ohio
• 18,000
• Casualties
– 1,754 Killed
– 8,408 Wounded
– 2, 885 Captured/missing
Confederacy
• Strength
– 40,335
• Casualties
– 1,728 Killed
– 8,012 Wounded
– 959 Captured/missing
The War at Sea
• The Battle of the Ironclads also known as the Battle of the Monitor
and the Merrimack.
• Battle was fought off Sewell’s Point near Hampton Roads, Virginia.
• First battle between two ironclad ships, the Union’s USS Monitor
and the Confederacy’s CSS Virginia, which was rebuilt from the USS
Merrimack
• Battle lasted over two days, and in the end it was a draw.
• Ironclad, stem-driven ships were at a decisive advantage against
wooden sailing vessels.
USS Monitor
CSS Virginia
Antietam
September 17, 1862
Maryland
• Also known as the Battle of
Sharpsburg
• Union General George McClellan and
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
• Union forces brutalized the
Confederacy
• Both armies fought to a standstill,
and both armies withdrew
• Bloodiest battle of the war