Download Understanding the Heart.

Understanding
the Heart
Anatomy and physiology
Of Coronary Artery Disease
And Treatment
How the heart works.
The heart and circulation.
 The heart as a pump.
 Blood supply to the heart - the coronary
arteries.
 The heart valves.


The heart is a
muscular pump.

Circulating blood
carries oxygen from
the lungs and
nutrients from the
liver.

The heart itself
must receive
enough
oxygenated blood.

Blood is supplied
to the heart
through the
coronary arteries,
two main
branches which
originate just
above the aortic
valve.

The Heart
has Four
one-way
Valves:
Aortic Valve.
 Mitral Valve.
 Pulmonary
Valve.
 Tricuspid
Valve.

Artery walls have three layers.
The inner layer provides a slippery
surface.
 The middle layer is strong, elastic and
muscular.
 The outer, fibrous, layer adds strength
and contains tiny blood vessels that
supply blood to the arteries themselves.
 Narrowing or obstruction of the
coronary arteries is the main cause of a
group of disorders known as ischaemic
heart disease.

Coronary Artery Disease.

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the phrase
used when referring to any cardiac condition
involving the coronary arteries.

Angina is a feeling of tightness or pain across
the chest that may spread outwards to the
shoulders, upper arms and back.

Angina may occur with exercise or strong
emotion and can be worse after a meal or in
cold weather. Symptoms usually disappear
Heart attack (myocardial
infarction or MI)
 Heart
attack is when part of the
heart muscle dies. This is usually
caused by a blood clot (coronary
thrombosis), which has blocked
one of the coronary arteries
supplying the heart and depriving
the tissues of oxygen.
Coronary Artery
Disease treatment
Angioplasty & Stent
Coronary Artery Bypass
Graft.
 Treatment
for C.A.D involves the
removal or treatment of risk
factors.

Sometimes procedures to enlarge
or bypass coronary artery
narrowing are required.
 If
Coronary Disease is not treated
and the coronary artery becomes
blocked the result may be a heart
attack.
Treatments for coronary disease
- angioplasty
Coronary angioplasty involves inserting
a balloon into a diseased
(blocked/narrowed) coronary artery
through an artery in the groin or arm.
 Commonly a metal support (stent) is
inserted into the artery to help keep it
open.

A close up of a Stent.
C. A. B. G.
Veins and sometimes
arteries are grafted
from the aorta to a
point on the coronary
artery beyond the area
of disease. This
enables an adequate
blood supply to reach
those parts of the
heart suffering from
ischaemia.
Valve Replacements
Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR)
Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR)
An Assortment of Replacement
Valves
Artificial Valves
Mitral Valves
Tissue Valves
Tricuspid & Bicuspid