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The Respiratory and
Muscular Systems
By:
Emily Soule
Patricia Muller
Ting Yi
Respiratory System
The function of the respiratory
system is to transport oxygen
from the air we breath into our
nostrils to the lungs. The
system warms, humidifies, and
filters the air. The oxygen is
then transferred to the blood
where it is carried throughout
the entire body and to all other
body systems.
Alveoli are small sacs in the lung involved
with gas exchange in the blood. 
Muscular System
The muscular system consists of
skeletal, smooth and cardiac
muscles.
Muscle permits movement,
circulates blood, and provides
structure to the body.
Muscle cells have many
different components.
These contractions are
stimulated by electrical
impulses transmitted from
motor nerves.
They
consist of
myofibrils
which are
made up of
sarcomeres
Sarcomeres are made up of
actin and myosin, which work
together to contract the
muscles.
Interactions
The diaphragm is a long, flat muscle that separates the
lungs from the intestines. The movement of the diaphragm
causes the lungs to inflate and deflate.
Emphysema
Emphysema is a long-term,
progressive disease of the lungs
that primarily causes shortness of
breath.
When people have emphysema, their
tissues necessary to support the physical
shape and function of the lungs are
destroyed.
Emphysema is called an
obstructive lung disease because
the destruction of lung tissue
around smaller sacs, called alveoli,
makes these air sacs unable to
hold their functional shape upon
exhalation.
Emphysema is most often caused by
tobacco smoking and long-term exposure
to air pollution.
normal lung
hyper inflated
emphysema
lung
Interactions
As you breathe,
your diaphragm
contracts as your
lungs expand.
The respiratory
system takes in
oxygen and sends
it into the blood.
The blood carries
oxygen to the
muscles. The
oxygen is
transported into the
muscle tissue
Abnormal Interaction
Emphysema
destroys elastic
fibers that hold open
small airways
leading to the air
sacs
Turns spherical air
sacs into large
irregular pockets
with gaping holes
Reduces surface area of
lungs and amount of
oxygen that reaches
bloodstream
When emphysema takes
effect, the lungs cannot
fully relax, the
abdominal muscles
cannot completely relax
The diaphragm remains
flexed, which can cause
pain in the torso.
Since emphysema
restricts the amount of
air that enters the lungs,
it results in a decrease in
lung capacity and muscle
action