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By: Jessica S., Forster A., and Zach D. Definition A long term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the tissues necessary to support the physical shape and function of the lungs are destroyed. It is often caused by smoking. History of Emphysema It is believed that, Frederick Ruysch, a Dutch anatomist and botanist discovered large air spaces in human lung in the year 1721. He termed it Emphysema. Emphysema in Greek means to blow into. Symptoms •Shortness of breath •Wheezing •Chest tightness •Reduced capacity for physical activity •Chronic coughing, which could also indicate chronic bronchitis •Loss of appetite and weight •Fatigue When To See a Doctor •You tire quickly, or you cant easily do the things you used to do •You can’t breath well enough to tolerate even moderate exercise •Your breathing difficulty worsens when you have a cold •Your lips or fingernails are blue or gray, indicating low oxygen in your blood •You frequently cough up yellow or greenish sputum •You note that bending over to tie your shoes makes you short of breath •You are losing weight Genetic or Hereditary Most emphysema is caused by smoking, but a small number of cases is caused by an inherited defect. Treatments and Medicine Bronchodilator medicines - relaxes muscles around your airway (only if you have airway constrictions) Anti-inflammatory - soothes and heals the outer lining layer of air passages and this makes them more resistant to obstruction Oxygen therapy - supply oxygen that can help the patient whose lung function is severely impaired Lung reduction surgery - Surgeons cut out the destroyed lung and let the good lung expand. This is achieved by a type of surgery called laparoscopy. Transplant surgery - much more invasive than lung reduction surgery and only available to a small group of patients. They go in and take out the old bad lung and put in a new lung. How Diet Affects Emphysema Food gives you energy and patients that have emphysema need extra energy just to breathe Vitamins and nutrients you get from food helps maintain healthy lung function You should limit salt intake so that fluid retention does not happen Don’t take in much caffeine because caffeine affects medication Eat many meals a day because a full stomach makes breathing harder How Exercise Affects Emphysema Exercise is very hard for people with emphysema, because excercising requires lots of energy which people get from breathing. suffers of emphysema have trouble getting air, and because of that have trouble excercising Walking is the best Do inspiratory muscle training This originally very hard, but it strengthens breathing muscles Improves breathing and quality of life How Family Affects Emphysema Family mainly just helps you push through the tough times They can do this by Looking out for you Making sure you don’t get an “attack” Taking you to programs Making sure you use your inhaler Taking you to classes Making sure you eat well Making sure you don’t over-exercise 3 WOW Factors 2 million people suffer from emphysema according to recent statistics It is believed that women are protected from this disease due to certain hormones You can’t reverse emphysema Sources Deanna, Swartout-Corbeil. "Emphysema."www.healthline.com. The Gale Group Inc., 2002. Web. 1 Feb 2011. <http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/emphysema-2/3 >. "Emphysema." www.mayoclinic.com. Mayo Clinic, 29 Apr. 2009. Web. 1 Feb 2011. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/emphysema/DS00296/DSECTION=symptoms >. "Emphysema: Treatment Options."www.enotalone.com. FDA (Food and Drug Administration), 2010. Web. 1 Feb 2011. <http://www.enotalone.com/article/8608.html >. Many, . "Emphysema." www.Wikipedia.com. Wikipedia, 01 Feb. 2011. Web. 1 Feb 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphysema . Bronson, Mary. Glencoe Health. 1st. 1. Woodland Hills: McGraw-Hill, 2009. 847. Print. Pandit, Madhura. "Emphysema Facts."www.Buzzel.com. Buzzel, 30 July, 2010. Web. 1 Feb 2011. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/emphysema-facts.html >.
