Download Abbreviation- 1 - Garnet Valley School District

Abbreviation- 1. to abbreviate
something means to make it shorter.
To make an abbreviation, leave out
some of the letters and put a period
at the end of the word: inch= in. 2.
Some abbreviations begin with a
capital letter and end with a period:
Mr. St. Mon. 3. When abbreviating a
state, use two capital letters and no
periods: CA IX AL
Action Verb -1. An action verb is a
verb that shows action. The boy
runs. 2. A verb showing what the
subject does or has. The rabbit ate
the turnips.
Adjective - An adjective tells you
more about a noun. The brown
rabbit ate the turnips
Adverb.- 1. An adverb tells how,
when, or where 2. Adverbs can be
placed almost anywhere in the
sentence.
3. Adverbs often end in ly.
Adverbs ending in ly are adverbs
made from other words like loud
and easy. The rabbit ate the turnips
greedily.
4. Adverbs give more information
about verbs, adjectives, and other
adverbs. He runs fast. That is a
very blue ball. That boy is running
really fast.
Analogy- a way of comparing pairs of
words.
finger: hand :: toe: foot
Antonym- A word with the opposite
meaning. Cold and hot are
antonyms
Apostrophe (’) • 1. This ’ is an
apostrophe. Use an apostrophe to
show that something is owned.
For singular nouns, write the
noun, add the apostrophe, and
then add s. Joe’s book. Julie’s
shoes. For plural nouns, write the
plural noun and then add the
apostrophe. The three dogs’ bowls
were broken. The two cats’
brushes were lost. 2. An
apostrophe is used to make a
contraction. The apostrophe
shows that some letters have been
left out: cannot becomes can ‘t.
Article - 1. The words a, an, and the
are called articles. They help us
find nouns. 2. We use the article
an with words that begin with a
vowel sound. We use the article a
with words that begin with a
consonant sound. We use the
article the to refer to the noun we
are talking about or a plural noun:
a cat, the cat, the cats, an apple,
the apples.
Base word - a word with no prefix
or suffix added; may also be
referred to as a base word. The
root word of ‘unthinkable’ is
think. Take away the prefix un
and the suffix able.
Capitalize- To make a small letter
into a capital letter is to capitalize.
Cause/effect- A cause is something
that makes something else happen.
Out of two events, it is the event
that happens first. To determine
the cause, ask the question "Why
Did it Happen?"
An effect is what happens as a
result of the cause. Of two related
events, it’s the one that happens
second or last. To determine the
effect, ask the question "What
Happened?"
Context clues- are words and phrases
in a sentence which help you
figure out the meaning of difficult
or unknown word.
Comma- A punctuation mark used
between items in a series and
before a coordinating conjunction
in compound sentences.
Command- Tells someone or
something to do something. Go
clean your room.
Comparative form – You form the
comparative of a one-syllable
adjectives by adding –er. I think
baseball is harder to play than
soccer.
Complete Subject- A complete
subject can have adjectives,
adverbs, other nouns, and
pronouns. The furry cat and the
spotted dog in the yard are playing
together.
Compound Sentence -A compound
sentence is two complete
sentences
put together with a coordinating
conjunction. The man ate hot
dogs, and his wife ate the french
fries.
Compound Subject- A compound
subject is two or more subjects
joined with a conjunction. The
man and woman ate hot dogs.
Contraction - A contraction is made
when one or more words is made
shorter by leaving out some letters
and replacing them with an
apostrophe: do not becomes don’t.
Days of the Week- Capitalize the
first letter of the days of the week
Tuesday.
Declarative Sentence – A declarative
sentence tells you about something.
I like ice cream.
Exclamation Point ! - An
exclamation point is used at the
end of a sentence that shows
strong feeling. That was so much
fun!
Exclamatory Sentence - An
exclamatory sentence shows
strong feeling. It begins with a
capital letter and ends with an
exclamation point. I had a great
time!
Fact- Can be proven
Family Members - When you
use a word like mom, dad,
grandmother, or
grandfather as a name,
you must use a capital
letter. Dad, is tomorrow
Mom’s birthday? If you
are referring to them in a
sentence, keep it
lowercase.
My mom is the best!
Fiction- a literary work based
on the imagination and not
on fact. Will have a
setting, characters,
problem, and solution.
Holiday - Capitalize the first
letter of each word in the
name of a holiday:
St. Patrick’s Day.
from the left margin.
Interrogative Sentence - An
interrogative sentence is a
sentence that asks a
question. It starts with a
capital letter and ends
with a question mark.
How are you?
Irregular - Irregular means
not going along with the
rules.
Irregular Plural Noun - We
call plural nouns that don’t
follow the rules irregular
plural nouns: mouse to
mice.
Homophone- Words that
sound the same, but are
spelled differently.
Irregular Verb - Irregular
verbs form the past tense
by a spelling change. The
verbs come from Old
English. We swam in the
Great Salt Sea.
Imperative Sentence - An
imperative sentence tells
you to do something. Put
your seatbelt on.
Linking Verb -. A verb,
mainly the be verb, linking
the subject to identifying
or describing words. The
man is my father.
Indent . A paragraph begins
with an indent. The indent
tells the reader that a new
paragraph has started. In
compositions, the
beginning of a paragraph
starts about five spaces in
Metaphor- A comparison
between two things. His
room was a pigpen!
Month.- Capitalize the first
letter of the name of a
month: January.
Non-fiction- Written works
intended to give facts,
or true accounts of real
things and events
Noun - A noun is the name of
a person, place, or thing:
boy, city, table.
Opinion- A statement based
upon a person’s feelings or
belief.
Green peppers are gross!
Paragraph - A paragraph is
how you organize your
ideas when you write a
composition, such as a
story or a report. A
paragraph has about five
sentences on the same
topic. The topic is what
the paragraph is about. In
compositions, the
beginning of a paragraph
starts about five spaces
from the margin.
Past Participle - Add ed to
the bare form of regular
verbs. Irregular verbs
make spelling changes:
walked, gone
People’s Names. Capitalize
the first letter of a
person’s name: Billy
Places - Capitalize the first
letter of the names of
places: New York~
Plural - Plural means more
than one
Plural Noun -. A plural noun
talks about more than one
thing: cats.
Plural Possessive Noun - A
plural possessive noun is a
plural noun that shows
more than one thing or
person owmng something
the bees’ hive
Plural Possessive Pronoun A plural possessive
pronoun can be traded
with a plural noun It
shows that two or more
things or people own
something; Joe and
Sally‘s books can be
traded for their books.
Plural pronoun - You can
trade a plural noun for a
plural pronoun We use
pronouns so that we don’t
have to say the same
noun. again and again.
The dogs like to go for
walks. They do it
everyday.
Possessive - The word
possessive means that
someone or something
owns something. Jack’s
boots are very shiny.
Predicate- The predicate
usually starts with a verb,
and it tells something
about the subject. That
rabbit ate my carrot.
Prefix- A prefix is a group of
letters added before a
word or base to alter its
meaning and form a new
word. Unbelievable – the
prefix is ‘un’.
Preposition - Prepositions
link nouns. pronouns, and
gerunds to other words.
He is a friend of mine.
Present Participle - When
we add the ending ing to a
verb, we give it a new
name. it is now called a
present participle: roll +
ing = rolling. Roiling is a
present participle.
Progressive Tenses -We
make a new kind of
sentence when we put a be
verb and an action verb
with an ing ending
together. This shows that
the action is happening
while it is being talked
about. The ball is rolling.
in this sentence the action
verb roll is in the present
progressive tense.
Pronoun - Pronouns are
words that can be traded
with nouns. Joe is coming
to my birthday party. He
is bringing a present. He
is a pronoun.
Proper Noun - A proper
noun is the special name
of a person, a place, or a
thing. Jennifer is a girl’s
name.. Little Rock is a
city.
Question Mark ? - A
question mark is used at
the end of a sentence that
asks a question~ Will we
go skating on Friday?
Quotation Marks ““ - Use
quotation marks whenever
you write a quote. A quote
is EXACTLY what a
person said and how he or
she said it. Place the
quotation marks at the
beginning and end of what
a person said. When you
write the person’s quote
first, and then tell us who
said it, use a comma at the
end of the sentence inside
the quotation marks. “Yes,
Mom, it’s all done,” Jenny
answered. If you tell us
who is speaking before he
or she speaks, use a
comma before the quote
begins, and put the period
inside the quotation mark
at the end of the sentence.
Mrs. Jones said, “That’s
great.” If you have to
show that someone was
asking a question or
showing strong feeling,
then use an exclamation
point or question mark
inside the quotation
marks. “Did you do your
homework today?” Mrs.
Jones asked.
Regular Verbs - Regular
verbs form the past by
adding ed. He jumped
over the fence. We
observed the science
experiment.
Root word- a word with no
prefix or suffix added;
may also be referred to as
a base word. The root
word of ‘unthinkable’ is
think. Take away the
prefix un and the suffix
able.
Sentence.-A sentence begins
with a capital letter. it
ends with a mark that
shows that the sentence
has ended. It is a complete
thought that makes sense.
Some birds have beautiful
feathers.
Simile- A comparison
between two things using
the words ‘like’ or ‘as’.
She is as pretty as a
picture!
Simple Subject. A subject
can be as simple as a
single noun with no other
words. Cats are good pets.
Singular - Singular means
one: cat, apple, city, he,
she, it,
Singular Noun - A noun that
describes just one thing is
called a singular noun:
book, cat, table.
Singular Possessive Pronoun
You can trade a singular
possessive noun for a
singular possessive
pronoun. I like Dad’s car.
His car is new.
Subject - The subject is the
part of. the sentence that
tells us what we are
talking about. An apple is
hanging from the branch.
Subject-Verb Agreement When the subject is plural,
the verb must be plural.
When the subject is;
singular, the verb must be
singular. We call this
subject -verb agreement.
The verb always agrees
with the subject in
number. The rabbit eats
carrots. The rabbits eat
carrots.
Suffix- a suffix is a group of
letters added after a word
or base. Believable- the
suffix is ‘able’
Superlative form- Form the
superlative form of a onesyllable adjective by
adding –est. I am the
tallest of my friends.
Syllable - A unit of spoken
language consisting of a
single uninterrupted sound
formed by a vowel,
diphthong, or syllabic
consonant alone, or by
any of these sounds
preceded, followed, or
surrounded by one or
more consonants. Building
is broken into 2 sounds~
buil-ding. Say the word
out loud. The number of
times your chin drops is
the number of syllables in
the word.
Synonym- words that have
the same or similar
meanings. Couch and sofa
Tense - The word tense
means the time that an
action happened The
tenses are present, past,
and future Present tense
— Everyday I brush my
teeth. Past tense —
Yesterday, I brushed my
teeth. Future tense —
Tomorrow, I will brush
my teeth.
Topic Sentence - Every
paragraph has a topic
sentence It tells the reader
what the paragraph is
about The rest of the
sentences give more
information
Verb - a verb shows action.
The owl hooted. Hooted
shows an action that the
owl did.