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It was a military society It was created between 900 and 600 BC by Lycurgus after a slave revolt They believed military power was the way to provide security for their city A boy was inspected at birth If he wasn’t healthy, he was left outside the city to die Their training was very difficult Courage and strength were more important than safety They stayed in the army until they were 60 Spartans believed the most important qualities were selfdiscipline and obedience They didn’t have luxuries They thought such comforts made people weak A “Spartan” lifestyle is living without luxuries They had more rights than other Greek women They owned land and ran homes Slaves made the clothes Women also received physical training Officially ruled by two kings But elected officials actually had more power Government was set up to control the Helots (Greek slaves) A slave’s life was a miserable one in Sparta Athens was Sparta’s main rival Life in Athens was VERY different They included education, the arts, and clear thinking along with physical conditioning Boys from rich families began their education at an early age It included physical training, but also learned to read, write, and play musical instruments They served in the army from age 18 to 20, and then only in times of war after that They learned about history and legend from such things as Homer’s Iliad and Odessey Some had tutors to help with public speaking Boys from poor families didn’t receive much, if any, education and generally became farmers Girls got almost no education They had fewer rights than women in many other city-states Could not serve in government, leave home, or buy or own property After the Persian War, Athens continued to protect Greece from the Persian navy The Delian League was formed Athens was the strongest member Athens began to treat the others as subjects The Athenians began to use Delian League money to build in Athens They turned the League into an Athenian Empire To stop Athens’ growth, Sparta declared war In 431 BC Sparta attacked Athens The war was a stalemate, but disease swept through Athens After 10 years of fighting, a truce was declared In 415 BC, however, Athens tried again to expand its empire, by attacking Sicily; this backfired In 404 BC Athens had to surrender Sparta controlled most of Greece for about 30 years This caused resentment Fighting broke out between the city-states that weakened them all This opened the door to a new enemy…