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THE SKULL • • • It consists of 22 bones – 8 cranium and 14 facial bones Cranial bones enclose the brain and the facial bones form the face, support respiratory and digestive functions, and attachments for muscles to provide facial expressions The sense organs of taste, smell, touch, hearing and equilibrium are protected and supported by the cranial and facial bones Parts of the Skull Suture – means seam or stitch; immovable joint found between skull bones Fontanel – referred to as the “soft spot”; a membrane filled space found between cranial bones at birth (frontal fontanel and occipital fontanel) Foramen – a canal or passageway in a bone’s structure through which arteries, veins, or nerve networks pass through The Cranial Bones Frontal Bone (1) – forms the forehead and the superior portion of the orbit; the portion of bone between the orbits is called the glabella Parietal Bones (2) – large and curved and form the lateral and superior aspects of the cranial cavity Temporal Bones (2) – lateral parts of the cranium – the temples; houses the mastoid process, the zygomatic process and temporal process which form the zygomatic arch and the styloid process Occipital Bone (1) – posterior base of the cranium; houses the external occipital protuberance and foramen magnum Sphenoid Bone (1) – binds cranial bones together; resembles a butterfly/bat shape Ethmoid Bone (1) - anterior floor of the cranium; it is a major support structure of the nasal cavity The Facial Bones Nasal Bones (2) – two bones that form the superior part of the bridge of the nose Maxillae (2) – form the upper jawbone; articulates with every bone in the face except the mandible; forms part of inferior orbit, carries the upper teeth and forms the hard, bony roof of the mouth Zygomatic Bones (2) – also known as the cheekbones Mandible (1) - the lower jawbone; largest and strongest facial bone; only moveable bone in the face Lacrimal Bones (2) – located in the medial aspect of each orbit Palatine Bones (2) – with the maxillae, they help to form the hard palate (roof of the mouth) Vomer Bone (1) – forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) – spongy bone located in the anterior part of the floor of the cranium, just below the vomer