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Aldehydes and Ketones δδ+ R R carbonyl group at end of a carbon chain R H aldehyde in middle of a carbon chain R R’ ketone Aldehydes & Ketones Properties boiling points: higher than parent alkanes lower than analogous alcohols solubilities: higher than parent alkanes lower than analogous alcohols good solvents R H How can these properties be explained? These three compounds have similar molecular weights. Rank them from lowest to highest boiling point. A) CH3 CH2– C H B) O C) CH CH CH 3 2 3 CH3 CH2 CH2OH Naming Aldehydes suffix: -al Identify the longest carbon chain. The carbon chain includes the carbonyl group. 2. Change the ending of the parent chain from e to al 3. Identify and number any substituent groups. Numbering starts at end with the C=O group. 1. No number is required to ID the position of the carbonyl group… Why do you think this is? Solution: • the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain • the parent chain has five carbons pentanal Solution: • the parent chain has four carbons • one ethyl group (C4) • one chlorine (C3) 3-chloro-4-ethylbutanal Practice: Naming A) B) C) Naming Ketones suffix: -one Identify the longest carbon chain. 2. Change the ending of the parent chain from e to one 3. Identify and number any substituent groups. Numbering starts at end closest to the C=O group. 1. A number is required to ID the position of the carbonyl group, if the chain has five or more carbons… Draw out all possible ketone structures with four or less carbons if you are unsure as to why. Solution: • the parent chain has six carbons • the C=O group is on C3 3-hexanone CH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH2– C – CH CH2 CH3 O How many carbons in the parent chain? Identify and number substituent groups 4-ethyloctanone Practice: Naming A) B) C) Homework Read 1.6 (Nelson 12) Up to and including pg. 51 (No reactions) AP unit package: Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides #1-3, 6, 10 (skip b-e, the first j, k, n)