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ENTOM/CSS 444: Integrated Pest Management January 27, 2012 2.1 Why Study Ecology? 2.1.1. Case Study: the cane toad, Bufo marinus 2.1.2. Pesticides 2.1.3. Low diversity 2.2. Ecological Concepts and Definitions 2.2.1. Biological Units Species: “groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups” (Ernst Mayr) Population: a collection of individuals of one species that exists in some defined geographical area Guild: a group of species that exploit the same resource in a similar manner Community: a group of populations occurring in the same geographical area Ecosystem: a community of living organisms and the abiotic framework that supports them Landscape: a cluster of interacting ecosystems 2.2.2. Defining Concepts Diversity: the level of variation in a given component of ecosystem organization (i.e. species diversity, genetic diversity) Trophic pyramid: representation of density (or energy/nutrients) at several trophic levels Biological magnification: sucessive increase in toxin concentration up through a food pyramid Trophic web: diagram of connections between trophic levels Stability: the ability of an ecosystem to return to equilibrium following a perturbation Succession: progressive changes in community structure through time Selection: the differential reproduction of genotypes Nutrient cycles: the cyclic transition of nutrients through multiple forms Productivity: the amount of material or energy formed by a community in a specific time period
