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Name: __________________________________________________ Period: _________ Partner: _________________________________________________ Date: _____________ Interactive Physiology-Digestive System-Digestion and Absorption Use interactive physiology and textbook p 927-933 to complete the following. Blue folder is helpful. text page 884; use your own words!! Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion: Absorption: Page 3: Food is broken down mechanically and chemically 1. Where does mechanical digestion occur? __________________________________ _______________________________ 2. List the major nutrients (macronutrients) and briefly describe a primary dietary source of each. _____________________________:_________________________________________ _____________________________:_________________________________________ _____________________________:________________________________________ 3. Match the following with their monomers by placing the number next to the matching carbohydrate: Sucrose __________ 1) Many glucose monomers Maltose __________ 2) glucose + fructose Starch ___________ 3) glucose + galactose Lactose __________ 4) glucose + glucose 4. What are the breakdown products (monomers) of proteins?_____________ ____________ 5. The breakdown products of triglycerides include one __________________________ and two _________ __________ 6. Briefly compare and contrast the different mechanisms required for absorption of polar versus non-polar nutrients. Page 4: Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth 7. What is the name of the salivary enzyme that breaks down plant starch and glycogen? _________________________ What is its optimum pH?_____________ 8. List the breakdown products of plant starch and glycogen in the mouth. 9. Label the following diagram using these terms: starch, limit dextrin, maltose, maltriose, amylase 10. What happens to salivary amylase in the stomach?_________________________________ Page 5: Protein digestion begins in the stomach 11. What is the name of the gastric protease? _____________________ what is its optimum pH?______________ 12. Pepsin breaks a peptide bond between ________________ and _____________________ 13. What happens to the gastric protease, pepsin, when it reaches the small intestine? Page 6: Most digestion and absorption occur in the small intestine 14. Where do most of the digestive enzymes that function in the duodenum originate? ___________________________ 15. Describe the function of cellulose in the diet. 16. Why are vegetables and fruits important components of the diet? 17. Describe the transcellular transport mechanism of water absorption in the small intestine. 18. The active transport of sodium is necessary for water absorption in the small intestine. TRUE or FALSE 19. Most water and salt are absorbed in the colon. TRUE or FALSE Page 7: Carbohydrates are digested and absorbed in the small intestine Pancreatic amylase (optimal pH ~7) continues the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine (duodenum) 20. Label the following diagram with these terms: starch, amylase, limit dextrin, maltriose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, microvilli (aka brush border), apical, basal, simple columnar epithelial cells 21. What enzymes complete digestion of carbohydrates in the duodenum? What carbohydrates do they break down? __________________________:_______________________________________________ __________________________: _______________________________________________ __________________________ : ______________________________________________ __________________________: _______________________________________________ __________________________: _______________________________________________ 22. Label the following diagram with these terms: Na+/glucose co-transporter, dextrinase, lactase, sucrase, glucoamylase, fructose specific tansporter Describe what this diagram represents and where it is located. _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 23. Describe the function of brush border enzymes in the duodenum. 24. Compare and contrast the mechanisms for intestinal absorption of glucose and fructose. Be sure to describe both how they enter and exit the luminal epithelial cells. 25. Label the following diagram with these terms: luminal side, basolateral side, facilitated diffusion transporter, capillary Page 8: Protein is digested and absorbed in the small intestine 26. List the three major pancreatic proteases. What is the optimum pH for these enzymes?_____ 27. How are pancreatic proteases activated? 28. What are the breakdown products of each pancreatic protease? 29. List the two main protein-digesting (proteolytic) brush border enzymes and briefly describe the function of each. 30. How do many amino acids enter the luminal side of the intestinal epithelium? 31. Compare and contrast the mechanisms by which hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids exit the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelial cells. Page 9: Fat is digested and absorbed in the small intestine 32. Describe the two mechanisms that increase lipid surface are for digestion in the duodenum. 33. Label the following diagram with these terms: Lipase, fat droplet, bile salts 34. label the following diagram with these terms: micelle, chylomicron, lacteal, capillary 35. What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down neutral fats in the duodenum and what are the breakdown products of this digestion? 36. What are micelles? 37. How do neutral fat breakdown products enter the luminal side of the intestinal epithelial cells? 38. What happens to the breakdown products of neutral fats once inside the luminal cells? 39. How do neutral fat breakdown products exit the luminal epithelial cells? 40. How are fat breakdown products transported away from the small intestine? Page10: Salt, water and bacterial products are absorbed in the large intestine 41. Describe the symbiotic relationship between colic bacteria and humans. 42. What is the absorptive function of the colon? 43. The colon epithelium produces substantial amounts of digestive enzymes. TRUE or FALSE 44. Colic bacteria produce substantial quantities of __________________ ___ as a byproduct of their metabolism.